Effect of 12-week continuous positive airway pressure therapy on glucose levels assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea; a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

Aim:

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is frequent in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim was to investigate the effect of a 12-week treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on glycaemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), HbA1c and fasting blood glucose in patients with T2D and newly detected OSA.

Methods:

In a randomized controlled multicentre study, 72 participants with T2D and moderate to severe OSA (78% male, age 62 ± 7, AHI 35 ± 15) were recruited from outpatient clinics in three Danish hospitals and were randomized to CPAP intervention or control. The main outcome was glycaemic control assessed by 6 days CGM at baseline and after 12-week therapy, as well as by HbA1c and fasting blood glucose.

Results:

No significant changes were found in average glucose levels, time in glucose range, time with hypoglycaemia, time with hyperglycaemia or coefficient of variability. HbA1c decreased 0.7 mmol/mol (0.07%; P = .8) in the CPAP group and increased 0.8 mmol/mol (0.08%; P = .6) in the control group (intergroup difference, P = .6). Fasting blood glucose increased by 0.2 mmol/L (P = .02) in the CPAP group and by 0.4 mmol/L (P = .01) in the control group (intergroup difference, P = .7). In a prespecified subgroup analysis comparing participants with high adherence (minimum usage of four hours/night for 70% of all nights) to CPAP to the control group, no significant changes were observed either, although these participants had a tendency towards better glycaemic indices.

Conclusions:

CPAP treatment for 12 weeks does not significantly change glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and OSA.

• Authors: Anne Margareta Banghøj, Christoffer Krogager, Peter Lommer Kristensen, Klavs Würgler Hansen, Esben Laugesen, Jesper Fleischer, Simon Lebech Cichosz, Per Løgstrup Poulsen, Martin Glymer Kirkegaard, Birger Thorsteinsson, Lise Tarnow
• Journal: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism (Endocrinol Diabetes Metab) Vol. 4 Issue 2 Pg. e00148 (04 2021) ISSN: 2398-9238 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 33855195 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 The Authors. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Glycated Hemoglobin A
• hemoglobin A1c protein, human

Topics

• Aged
• Blood Glucose
• Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, complications)
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin
• Glycemic Control
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Negative Results
• Severity of Illness Index
• Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (blood, complications, therapy)
• Time Factors