Abstract | BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peer-reviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. RESULTS: The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed that sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways that promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemo-resistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti- breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively lower inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. CONCLUSION:
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Authors | Suong N T Ngo, Desmond B Williams |
Journal | Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
(Anticancer Agents Med Chem)
Vol. 21
Issue 11
Pg. 1413-1430
( 2021)
ISSN: 1875-5992 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 32972351
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Systematic Review)
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Copyright | Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected]. |
Chemical References |
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
- Isothiocyanates
- Protective Agents
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Topics |
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
(chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Breast Neoplasms
(drug therapy, pathology)
- Cell Proliferation
(drug effects)
- Cell Survival
(drug effects)
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Isothiocyanates
(chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Molecular Structure
- Protective Agents
(chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Vegetables
(chemistry)
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