Association Between the Overall Risk of Prostate Cancer and Use of Calcium Channel Blockers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Although calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are now commonly prescribed to treat hypertension as a first-line drug therapy, their impact on prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association between CCB use and the overall risk of PCa.

METHODS:

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched up to December 26, 2019, stratified according to statistical method of outcome [odd ratios (ORs), relative ratios (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs)] and cumulative duration of CCB use. The quality assessment of included studies was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Fixed effects models were used to study the association between CCB use and the risk of PCa. Between-study heterogeneity was quantified by using Cochran's Q-statistic and I2 statistics. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding the studies one by one, and publication bias was analyzed by using funnel plots.

FINDINGS:

Nineteen studies with 1,418,407 patients were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which was based on the comparison of cohort studies, nested case-control studies, and case-control studies. Pooled estimates showed a RR of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05-1.11; P < 0.00001) and a HR of 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13; P = 0.008) for association between CCB use and the risk of PCa. In addition, the results of subgroup analysis showed that CCB users of <5 years had an 8% increased overall risk of PCa (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12; P = 0.0001), and CCB users of 5-10 years had a 13% increased overall risk of PCa (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23; P = 0.003).

IMPLICATIONS:

CCB use had a tendency to increase the overall risk of PCa, and cumulative duration of CCB use might also be positively correlated with the overall risk of PCa.

• Authors: Hui Yang, Yahui Yu, Xiaopeng Hu, Wei Wang, Xiaoyong Yang, Hang Liu, Liang Ren, Xiaodong Zhang, Xin Feng, Lihong Liu
• Journal: Clinical therapeutics (Clin Ther) Vol. 42 Issue 9 Pg. 1715-1727.e2 (09 2020) ISSN: 1879-114X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32807506 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Calcium Channel Blockers

Topics

• Calcium Channel Blockers (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Humans
• Hypertension (drug therapy)
• Male
• Prostatic Neoplasms (epidemiology)