Sevoflurane Preconditioning Confers Delayed Cardioprotection by Upregulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Levels to Restore Autophagic Flux in Ischemia-Reperfusion Rat Hearts.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetic preconditioning confers delayed cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) takes part in autophagy activation. Furthermore, autophagic flux is thought to be impaired after I/R. We hypothesized that delayed cardioprotection can restore autophagic flux by activating AMPK. MATERIAL AND METHODS All male rat hearts underwent 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion with or without sevoflurane exposure. AMPK inhibitor compound C (250 μg/kg, iv) was given at the reperfusion period. Autophagic flux blocker chloroquine (10 mg/kg, ip) was administrated 1 h before the experiment. Myocardial infarction, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) content, and cytochrome c were measured. To evaluate autophagic flux, the markers of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II, P62 and Beclin 1, and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP 2) were analyzed. RESULTS The delayed cardioprotection enhanced post-ischemic AMPK activation, reduced infarction, CK-MB level, NAD⁺ content loss and cytochrome c release, and compound C blocked these effects. Sevoflurane restored impaired autophagic flux through a lower ratio of LC3II/LC3I, downregulation of P62 and Beclin 1, and higher expression in LAMP 2. Consistently, compound C inhibited these changes of autophagy flux. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment abolished sevoflurane-induced infarct size reduction, CK-MB level, NAD⁺ content loss, and cytochrome c release, with concomitant increase the ratios of LC3II/LC3I and levels of P62 and Beclin 1, but p-AMPK expression was not downregulated by chloroquine. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane exerts a delayed cardioprotective effects against myocardial injury in rats by activation of AMPK and restoration of I/R-impaired autophagic flux.

• Authors: Lei Hong, Ying Sun, Jian-Zhong An, Chen Wang, Shi-Gang Qiao
• Journal: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (Med Sci Monit) Vol. 26 Pg. e922176 (Jun 01 2020) ISSN: 1643-3750 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32476662 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Cardiotonic Agents
• Sevoflurane
• AMP-Activated Protein Kinases

Topics

• AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (drug effects, metabolism)
• Animals
• Autophagy (drug effects)
• Cardiotonic Agents (pharmacology)
• China
• Ischemic Preconditioning (methods)
• Male
• Myocardial Infarction (metabolism)
• Myocardial Ischemia (metabolism)
• Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Myocardium (metabolism)
• Myocytes, Cardiac (metabolism)
• Phosphorylation (drug effects)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Reperfusion Injury (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Sevoflurane (metabolism, pharmacology)