Use of a genetically engineered E. coli overexpressing β-glucuronidase accompanied by glycyrrhizic acid, a natural and anti-inflammatory agent, for directed treatment of colon carcinoma in a mouse model.

Abstract

Bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (BDEPT), is an emerging alternative directed and tumor-specific approach. The basis of this method is the conversion of a non-toxic prodrug by a bacterial enzyme to a toxic drug within the tumor-microenvironment (TME). In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of BDEPT was investigated based on the ability of Escherichia coli DH5α-lux/βG in activation of glycyrrhizic acid (GL), a natural and non-toxic compound purified from licorice, to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) only in TME. To do so, the anti-bacterial effects of GL on bacteria and the cytotoxic effects of the produced GA on survival rate of CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells were evaluated. The IC50 values of the produced GA and cisplatin were determined as 210 μM and 100 μM, respectively. Comparing these values to GL treatment (1305 μM) indicates that bacteria could have efficiently activated GL to GA to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Afterward, the anti-cancer effects of bacteria used in combination with GL was investigated in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. Results were indicative of targeted homing and even proliferation of luminescent bacteria in TME. Moreover, combined treatment greatly inhibited tumor growth. Histopathological analysis of dissected tissues also demonstrated increased apoptosis rate in tumor cells after combined treatment and interestingly, showed no obvious damage to the spleen and liver of treated mice. Accordingly, this BDEPT approach could be considered as an effective alternative tumor-specific therapy utilizing prodrug-activating enzymes expressing from tumor-targeting bacteria to allow the development of new tumor-specific pharmacotherapy protocols.

• Authors: Amin Afkhami-Poostchi, Mansour Mashreghi, Mehrdad Iranshahi, Maryam M Matin
• Journal: International journal of pharmaceutics (Int J Pharm) Vol. 579 Pg. 119159 (Apr 15 2020) ISSN: 1873-3476 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 32081798 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Prodrugs
• Glycyrrhizic Acid
• Glucuronidase

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (therapeutic use)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (therapeutic use)
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Colonic Neoplasms (drug therapy)
• Drug Delivery Systems (methods)
• Escherichia coli (enzymology, genetics)
• Genetic Engineering (methods)
• Glucuronidase (biosynthesis, therapeutic use)
• Glycyrrhizic Acid (therapeutic use)
• Male
• Mice
• Prodrugs (therapeutic use)
• Tumor Microenvironment (drug effects)