Age and DNA methylation subgroup as potential independent risk factors for treatment stratification in children with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Controversy exists as to what may be defined as standard of care (including markers for stratification) for patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs). The European Rhabdoid Registry (EU-RHAB) recruits uniformly treated patients and offers standardized genetic and DNA methylation analyses.

METHODS:

Clinical, genetic, and treatment data of 143 patients from 13 European countries were analyzed (2009-2017). Therapy consisted of surgery, anthracycline-based induction, and either radiotherapy or high dose chemotherapy following a consensus among European experts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and sequencing were employed for assessment of somatic and germline mutations in SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily B (SMARCB1). Molecular subgroups (ATRT-SHH, ATRT-TYR, and ATRT-MYC) were determined using DNA methylation arrays, resulting in profiles of 84 tumors.

RESULTS:

Median age at diagnosis of 67 girls and 76 boys was 29.5 months. Five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 34.7 ± 4.5% and 30.5 ± 4.2%, respectively. Tumors displayed allelic partial/whole gene deletions (66%; 122/186 alleles) or single nucleotide variants (34%; 64/186 alleles) of SMARCB1. Germline mutations were detected in 26% of ATRTs (30/117). The patient cohort consisted of 47% ATRT-SHH (39/84), 33% ATRT-TYR (28/84), and 20% ATRT-MYC (17/84). Age <1 year, non-TYR signature (ATRT-SHH or -MYC), metastatic or synchronous tumors, germline mutation, incomplete remission, and omission of radiotherapy were negative prognostic factors in univariate analyses (P < 0.05). An adjusted multivariate model identified age <1 year and a non-TYR signature as independent negative predictors of OS: high risk (<1 y + non-TYR; 5-y OS = 0%), intermediate risk (<1 y + ATRT-TYR or ≥1 y + non-TYR; 5-y OS = 32.5 ± 8.7%), and standard risk (≥1 y + ATRT-TYR, 5-y OS = 71.5 ± 12.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Age and molecular subgroup status are independent risk factors for survival in children with ATRT. Our model warrants validation within future clinical trials.

• Authors: Michael C Frühwald, Martin Hasselblatt, Karolina Nemes, Susanne Bens, Mona Steinbügl, Pascal D Johann, Kornelius Kerl, Peter Hauser, Eduardo Quiroga, Palma Solano-Paez, Veronica Biassoni, Maria Joao Gil-da-Costa, Martha Perek-Polnik, Marianne van de Wetering, David Sumerauer, Jane Pears, Niklas Stabell, Stefan Holm, Heinz Hengartner, Nicolas U Gerber, Michael Grotzer, Joachim Boos, Martin Ebinger, Stefan Tippelt, Werner Paulus, Rhoikos Furtwängler, Pablo Hernáiz-Driever, Harald Reinhard, Stefan Rutkowski, Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel, Irene Schmid, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Beate Timmermann, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Uwe Kordes, Joachim Gerss, Karsten Nysom, Reinhard Schneppenheim, Reiner Siebert, Marcel Kool, Norbert Graf
• Journal: Neuro-oncology (Neuro Oncol) Vol. 22 Issue 7 Pg. 1006-1017 (07 07 2020) ISSN: 1523-5866 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 31883020 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Distribution
• Child
• DNA Methylation
• Europe
• Female
• Humans
• In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
• Male
• Rhabdoid Tumor (genetics, therapy)
• Risk Factors
• Teratoma (genetics, therapy)
• Young Adult