X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Pathology, Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Testing, Newborn Screening, and Therapies.

Abstract

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X-linked disease caused by a mutation of the peroxisomal ABCD1 gene. This review summarizes our current understanding of the pathogenic cell- and tissue-specific role of lipid species in the context of experimental therapeutic strategies and provides an overview of critical historical developments, therapeutic trials, and the advent of newborn screening in the United States. In ALD, very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) chain-length-dependent dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial radical generating systems inducing cell death pathways has been shown, providing the rationale for therapeutic moiety-specific VLCFA reduction and antioxidant strategies. The continuing increase in newborn screening programs and promising results from ongoing and recent therapeutic investigations provide hope for ALD.

• Authors: Bela R Turk, Christiane Theda, Ali Fatemi, Ann B Moser
• Journal: International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (Int J Dev Neurosci) (Nov 25 2019) ISSN: 1873-474X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31778737 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.