Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin (LtxA; Leukothera®): Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Applications.

Abstract

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral pathogen that produces the RTX toxin, leukotoxin (LtxA; Leukothera®). A. actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with the development of localized aggressive periodontitis. LtxA acts as a virulence factor for A. actinomycetemcomitans to subvert the host immune response by binding to the β2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) on white blood cells (WBCs), causing cell death. In this paper, we reviewed the state of knowledge on LtxA interaction with WBCs and the subsequent mechanisms of induced cell death. Finally, we touched on the potential therapeutic applications of LtxA (trade name Leukothera®) toxin therapy for the treatment of hematological malignancies and immune-mediated diseases.

• Authors: Brian A Vega, Benjamin A Belinka Jr, Scott C Kachlany
• Journal: Toxins (Toxins (Basel)) Vol. 11 Issue 9 (08 26 2019) ISSN: 2072-6651 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 31454891 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Exotoxins
• Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
• Virulence Factors
• leukotoxin

Topics

• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (metabolism, pathogenicity)
• Cell Membrane (drug effects)
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• Endothelial Cells (drug effects, pathology)
• Exotoxins (isolation & purification, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Hematologic Neoplasms (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Immune System Diseases (drug therapy)
• Leukocytes (drug effects, pathology)
• Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 (metabolism)
• Mouth (microbiology)
• Protein Binding
• Virulence Factors (isolation & purification, pharmacology, therapeutic use)