Purpose: The standard treatment for organ-confined
prostate cancer is surgery or radiation, and locally advanced
prostate cancer is typically treated with
radiotherapy alone or in combination with
androgen deprivation
therapy. Here, we investigated whether Stat5a/b participates in regulation of double-strand DNA break repair in
prostate cancer, and whether Stat5 inhibition may provide a novel strategy to sensitize
prostate cancer to
radiotherapy.Experimental Design: Stat5a/b regulation of DNA repair in
prostate cancer was evaluated by comet and clonogenic survival assays, followed by assays specific to homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. For HR DNA repair, Stat5a/b regulation of Rad51 and the mechanisms underlying the regulation were investigated in
prostate cancer cells, xenograft
tumors, and patient-derived
prostate cancers ex vivo in 3D explant cultures. Stat5a/b induction of Rad51 and HR DNA repair and responsiveness to radiation were evaluated in vivo in mice bearing
prostate cancer xenograft
tumors.Results: Stat5a/b is critical for Rad51 expression in
prostate cancer via Jak2-dependent mechanisms by inducing Rad51
mRNA levels. Consistent with this, genetic knockdown of Stat5a/b suppressed HR DNA repair while not affecting NHEJ DNA repair. Pharmacologic Stat5a/b inhibition potently sensitized
prostate cancer cell lines and
prostate cancer tumors to radiation, while not inducing radiation sensitivity in the neighboring tissues.Conclusions: This work introduces a novel concept of a pivotal role of Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling for Rad51 expression and HR DNA repair in
prostate cancer. Inhibition of Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling sensitizes
prostate cancer to radiation and, therefore, may provide an adjuvant
therapy for radiation to reduce radiation-induced damage to the neighboring tissues. Clin
Cancer Res; 24(8); 1917-31. ©2018 AACR.