Timing of Insulin Injections, Adherence, and Glycemic Control in a Multinational Sample of People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

We investigated the association of bolus insulin dose timing with demographics, adherence, diabetes education program participation, experience with hypoglycemic events, glycemic control, and patient preference among respondents with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

Adults with type 2 diabetes from 12 countries were recruited to a Web-based self-reported patient preference survey. Adherence was measured using an adapted Morisky Medication Adherence Scale questionnaire.

RESULTS:

In total 1483 respondents reported using bolus insulin with 58% (n = 864) dosing bolus insulin before meals (pre-meal cohort), 354 (24%) during or after meals (post-meal cohort), and 265 (18%) before, during, or after meals (mixed cohort). The mixed cohort was excluded, thus 1218 respondents were included in the analysis. Respondent distribution across HbA1c category differed significantly depending on insulin dose timing (p = 0.0006); more respondents in the post-meal cohort (40%) had HbA1c ≥ 9% (74.9 mmol/mol) than in the pre-meal cohort (29%). The post-meal cohort was significantly more likely to report non-adherence than the pre-meal cohort (OR = 1.50, p = 0.01) and significantly more often reported participating in diabetes education programs (p < 0.05). Seventy-eight percent of all respondents reported preferring bolus insulin administrable whenever convenient.

CONCLUSIONS:

Approximately 24% of respondents never comply with guidelines for insulin dose timing, with higher risk of non-adherence and increased participation in diabetes care programs. Respondents dosing insulin post-meal are more likely to have poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 9%, 74.9 mmol/mol). Given that many respondents had high HbA1c and were non-adherent, a treatment which satisfies patient preference for bolus insulin with flexible dose timing could be considered.

FUNDING:

Novo Nordisk.

• Authors: Nicolaas C Schaper, Annie Nikolajsen, Anna Sandberg, Sarah Buchs, Mette Bøgelund
• Journal: Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders (Diabetes Ther) Vol. 8 Issue 6 Pg. 1319-1329 (Dec 2017) ISSN: 1869-6953 [Print] United States
• PMID: 29063510 (Publication Type: Journal Article)