Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MAP2K7) regulates stress and inflammatory responses, and is an attractive
drug discovery target for several diseases including
arthritis and
cardiac hypertrophy. Intracellular
proteins such as MAP2K7 are prone to aggregation due to
cysteine-driven oxidation in in vitro experiments. MAP2K7 instability due to the four free
cysteine residues on the molecular surface abrogated the crystal growth and led to a low-resolution structure with large residual errors. To acquire a higher resolution structure for promoting rational
drug discovery, we explored stable mutants of MAP2K7 by replacing the surface
cysteine residues, Cys147, Cys218, Cys276 and Cys296. Single-site mutations, except for Cys147, maintained the specific activity and increased the
protein yield, while all the multi-site mutations massively reduced the activity. The C218S mutation drastically augmented the
protein production and crystallographic resolution. Furthermore, the C218S crystals grown under microgravity in a space environment yielded a 1.3 Å resolution structure, providing novel insights for
drug discovery: the precisely assigned water molecules in the active site, the double conformations in the flexible region and the C-terminal extension bound to the N-terminal region of the adjacent molecules. The latter insight is likely to promote the production of allosteric MAP2K7 inhibitors.