Hyperoxaluria due to endogenously synthesized and exogenously ingested
oxalates is a leading cause of recurrent
oxalate stone formations. Even though, humans largely rely on gut microbiota for
oxalate homeostasis,
hyperoxaluria associated gut microbiota features remain largely unknown. Based on
16S rRNA gene amplicons, targeted metagenomic sequencing of
formyl-CoA transferase (frc) gene and qPCR assay, we demonstrate a selective enrichment of
Oxalate Metabolizing Bacterial Species (OMBS) in
hyperoxaluria condition. Interestingly, higher than usual concentration of
oxalate was found inhibitory to many gut microbes, including Oxalobacter formigenes, a well-characterized OMBS. In addition a concomitant enrichment of
acid tolerant pathobionts in recurrent stone sufferers is observed. Further, specific
enzymes participating in
oxalate metabolism are found augmented in stone endures. Additionally,
hyperoxaluria driven
dysbiosis was found to be associated with
oxalate content, stone episodes and colonization pattern of Oxalobacter formigenes. Thus, we rationalize the first in-depth surveillance of OMBS in the human gut and their association with
hyperoxaluria. Our findings can be utilized in the treatment of
hyperoxaluria associated recurrent stone episodes.