Abstract | OBJECTIVE:
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an experimental dietary additive that might act as a creatine source in tissues with high-energy requirements. In this case study, we evaluated brain levels of creatine in white matter, gray matter, cerebellum, and thalamus during 8 wk oral GAA administration in five healthy men and monitored the prevalence and severity of side effects of the intervention. METHODS: Volunteers were supplemented daily with 36 mg/kg body weight (BW) of GAA for the first 4 wk of the intervention; afterward GAA dosage was titrated ≤60 mg/kg BW of GAA daily. At baseline, 4, and 8 wk, the participants underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, clinical chemistry studies, and open-ended questionnaire for side-effect prevalence and severity. RESULTS: Brain creatine levels increased in similar fashion in cerebellum, and white and gray matter after GAA supplementation, with an initial increase of 10.7% reported after 4 wk, and additional upsurge (7.7%) from the weeks 4 to 8 follow-up (P < 0.05). Thalamus creatine levels decreased after 4 wk for 6.5% (P = 0.02), and increased nonsignificantly after 8 wk for 8% (P = 0.09). GAA induced an increase in N-acetylaspartate levels at 8-wk follow-up in all brain areas evaluated (P < 0.05). No participants reported any neurologic adverse event (e.g., seizures, tingling, convulsions) during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Sergej M Ostojic, Jelena Ostojic, Patrik Drid, Milan Vranes, Pavle Jovanov |
Journal | Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
(Nutrition)
Vol. 33
Pg. 149-156
(Jan 2017)
ISSN: 1873-1244 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 27497517
(Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Comparative Study, Journal Article)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- Performance-Enhancing Substances
- Aspartic Acid
- N-acetylaspartate
- glycocyamine
- Creatine
- Glycine
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aspartic Acid
(agonists, analogs & derivatives, metabolism)
- Biomarkers
(blood, metabolism, urine)
- Brain
(diagnostic imaging, metabolism)
- Cerebellum
(diagnostic imaging, metabolism)
- Creatine
(agonists, blood, metabolism, urine)
- Dietary Supplements
(adverse effects)
- Down-Regulation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Glycine
(administration & dosage, adverse effects, analogs & derivatives, blood, metabolism)
- Humans
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
(chemically induced)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Methylation
- Neuroimaging
- Neurons
(metabolism)
- Performance-Enhancing Substances
(administration & dosage, adverse effects, blood, metabolism)
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Thalamus
(diagnostic imaging, metabolism)
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Young Adult
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