[Diabetes insipidus].

Abstract

Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder of water-electrolyte balance characterized by the excretion of abnormally large volumes of diluted urine (polyuria) and increased fluid intake (polydipsia). The disease may result from the insufficient production of vasopressin, its increased degradation, an impaired response of kidneys to vasopressin, or may be secondary to excessive water intake. Patients with severe and uncompensated symptoms may develop marked dehydration, neurologic symptoms and encephalopathy, and therefore diabetes insipidus can be a life-threatening condition if not properly diagnosed and managed. Patients with diabetes insipidus require treatment with desmopressin or drugs increasing sensitivity of the distal nephron to vasopressin, but this treatment may be confusing because of the disorder's variable pathophysiology and side-effects of pharmacotherapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on different aspects of the pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of diabetes insipidus. The reader is also provided with some practical recommendations on dealing with patients suffering from this disease.

• Authors: Robert Krysiak, Gabriela Handzlik-Orlik, Bogusław Okopień
• Journal: Przeglad lekarski (Przegl Lek) Vol. 71 Issue 12 Pg. 711-9 ( 2014) ISSN: 0033-2240 [Print] Poland
• Vernacular Title: Moczówka prosta.
• PMID: 25951703 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Antidiuretic Agents
• Deamino Arginine Vasopressin

Topics

• Antidiuretic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (therapeutic use)
• Diabetes Insipidus (diagnosis, drug therapy, physiopathology)
• Humans