During desiccation, homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants retain most of their photosynthetic apparatus, allowing them to resume photosynthetic activity quickly upon water availability. These plants rely on various mechanisms to prevent the formation of
reactive oxygen species and/or protect their tissues from the damage they inflict. In this work, we addressed the issue of how homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants deal with the problem of excessive excitation/electron pressures during
dehydration using Craterostigma pumilum as a model plant. To investigate the alterations in the supramolecular organization of photosynthetic
protein complexes, we examined cryoimmobilized, freeze-fractured leaf tissues using (cryo)scanning electron microscopy. These examinations revealed rearrangements of
photosystem II (PSII) complexes, including a lowered density during moderate
dehydration, consistent with a lower level of PSII
proteins, as shown by biochemical analyses. The latter also showed a considerable decrease in the level of
cytochrome f early during
dehydration, suggesting that initial regulation of the inhibition of electron transport is achieved via the
cytochrome b6f complex. Upon further
dehydration, PSII complexes are observed to arrange into rows and semicrystalline arrays, which correlates with the significant accumulation of
sucrose and the appearance of inverted hexagonal
lipid phases within the membranes. As opposed to PSII and
cytochrome f, the
light-harvesting antenna complexes of PSII remain stable throughout the course of
dehydration. Altogether, these results, along with photosynthetic activity measurements, suggest that the protection of retained photosynthetic components is achieved, at least in part, via the structural rearrangements of PSII and (likely)
light-harvesting antenna complexes into a photochemically quenched state.