Imatinib (IMT) is a promising
tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of some types of human
cancer. It constitutes a successful example of rational
drug design based on the optimization of the chemical structure to reach an improved pharmacological activity. Cutaneous reactions, such as increased photosensitivity or pseudoporphyria, are among the most common nonhematological IMT side effects; however, the molecular bases of these clinical observations have not been determined. Thus, to gain insight into the IMT photosensitizing properties, we addressed its photobehavior together with that of its potentially photoactive anilino-
pyrimidine and pyridyl-
pyrimidine fragments. In this context, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence as well as
laser flash photolysis experiments have been conducted, and the
DNA photosensitization potential has been investigated by means of single-strand break detection using
agarose gel electrophoresis. The obtained results reveal that the
drug itself and its anilino-
pyrimidine fragment are not
DNA photosensitizers. By contrast, the pyridyl-
pyrimidine substructure displays a marked phototoxic potential, which has been associated with the generation of a long-lived triplet excited state. Interestingly, this reactive species is efficiently quenched by
benzanilide, another molecular fragment of IMT. Clearly, integration of the photoactive pyridyl-
pyrimidine moiety in a more complex structure strongly modifies its photobehavior, which in this case is fortunate as it leads to an improved toxicological profile. Thus, on the bases of the experimental results, direct in vivo
photosensitization by IMT seems unlikely. Instead, the reported
photosensitivity disorders could be related to indirect processes, such as the previously suggested impairment of melanogenesis or the accumulation of endogenous
porphyrins.