Antiatherosclerotic effects of long-term maximally intensive statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome: insights from Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) display diffuse coronary atheroma instability and heightened risk of early and late recurrent coronary events. We compared the long-term antiatherosclerotic efficacy of high-intensity statins in patients with ACS when compared with stable disease.

APPROACH AND RESULTS:

Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin (SATURN) used serial intravascular ultrasound measures of coronary atheroma volume in patients treated with rosuvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg for 24 months. The overall effect of high-intensity statins on the change in coronary percent atheroma volume and major adverse cardiovascular events (death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/coronary revascularization) were evaluated in this post hoc analysis. When compared with non-ACS patients (n=678), patients with ACS (n=361) were younger, actively smoking, and have had a previous myocardial infarction (all P<0.001). At baseline, patients with ACS exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (43.5±11 versus 45.8±11 mg/dL; P=0.002), a higher apolipoprotein B: apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (0.90±0.24 versus 0.83±0.24; P<0.001) and greater percent atheroma volume (37.3±8.5% versus 35.9±8.1%; P=0.01) when compared with non-ACS patients. Despite similar achieved levels of lipid and inflammatory markers after high-intensity statin therapy, patients with ACS demonstrated greater percent atheroma volume regression than non-ACS patients (-1.46±0.14 versus -0.89±0.13; P=0.003). After propensity-weighted multivariable adjustment, baseline percent atheroma volume (P<0.001) and an ACS clinical presentation (P=0.02) independently associated with plaque regression. The 24-month major adverse cardiovascular events-free survival was similar between patients with ACS and non-ACS (90.6 versus 92.9%; P=0.25).

CONCLUSIONS:

Long-term high-intensity statin therapy caused greater plaque regression and comparable major adverse cardiovascular events rates in ACS when compared with non-ACS patients. Despite a higher clinical risk profile, patients with ACS harbor a more modifiable disease substrate and seem to benefit the most from potent statin therapy.

• Authors: Rishi Puri, Steven E Nissen, Mingyuan Shao, Christie M Ballantyne, Philip J Barter, M John Chapman, Raimund Erbel, Peter Libby, Joel S Raichlen, Kiyoko Uno, Yu Kataoka, Stephen J Nicholls
• Journal: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol) Vol. 34 Issue 11 Pg. 2465-72 (Nov 2014) ISSN: 1524-4636 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25212234 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

Chemical References

• Anticholesteremic Agents
• Apolipoproteins A
• Apolipoproteins B
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Fluorobenzenes
• Heptanoic Acids
• Pyrimidines
• Pyrroles
• Sulfonamides
• Rosuvastatin Calcium
• Atorvastatin

Topics

• Acute Coronary Syndrome (complications)
• Aged
• Anticholesteremic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Apolipoproteins A (blood)
• Apolipoproteins B (blood)
• Atorvastatin
• Cholesterol, HDL (blood)
• Coronary Artery Disease (blood, epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Coronary Vessels (diagnostic imaging, pathology)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Female
• Fluorobenzenes (therapeutic use)
• Follow-Up Studies
• Heptanoic Acids (therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pyrimidines (therapeutic use)
• Pyrroles (therapeutic use)
• Risk Factors
• Rosuvastatin Calcium
• Sulfonamides (therapeutic use)
• Treatment Outcome
• Ultrasonography