Ambient temperature and prevalence of obesity in the Spanish population: The [email protected] study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to examine possible associations between ambient temperature and obesity in the Spanish population using an ecological focus.

METHODS:

The [email protected] study is a national, cross-sectional, population-based survey of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with lifestyle.

SAMPLE:

5,061 subjects in 100 clusters.

VARIABLES:

Clinical, demographic and lifestyle survey, physical examination, and blood sampling. The mean annual temperature (°C) for each study site was collected from the Spanish National Meteorology Agency (1971-2000).

RESULTS:

The prevalence rates of obesity in the different geographical areas divided according to mean annual temperature quartiles were 26.9% in quartile 1 (10.4-14.5°C), 30.5% in quartile 2 (14.5-15.5°C), 32% in quartile 3 (15.5-17.8°C), and 33.6% in quartile 4 (17.8-21.3°C) (P = 0.003). Logistic regression analyses including multiple socio-demographic (age, gender, educational level, marital status) and lifestyle (physical activity, Mediterranean diet score, smoking) variables showed that, as compared with quartile 1, the odd ratios for obesity were 1.20 (1.01-1.42), 1.35 (1.12-1.61), and 1.38 (1.14-1.67) in quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P = 0.001 for difference, P < 0.001 for trend).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study reports an association between ambient temperature and obesity in the Spanish population controlled for known confounders.

• Authors: Sergio Valdés, Cristina Maldonado-Araque, Francisca García-Torres, Alberto Goday, Ana Bosch-Comas, Elena Bordiú, Alfonso Calle-Pascual, Rafael Carmena, Roser Casamitjana, Luis Castaño, Conxa Castell, Miguel Catalá, Elias Delgado, Josep Franch, Sonia Gaztambide, Juan Girbés, Ramon Gomis, Galder Gutiérrez, Alfonso López-Alba, Maria Martínez-Larrad, Edelmiro Menéndez, Inmaculada Mora-Peces, Emilio Ortega, Gemma Pascual-Manich, Manuel Serrano-Rios, Ines Urrutia, Jose Antonio Vázquez, Joan Vendrell, Federico Soriguer, Gemma Rojo-Martínez
• Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) (Obesity (Silver Spring)) Vol. 22 Issue 11 Pg. 2328-32 (Nov 2014) ISSN: 1930-739X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25124468 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 The Obesity Society.

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet, Mediterranean
• Environment
• Female
• Humans
• Life Style
• Male
• Marital Status
• Middle Aged
• Obesity (epidemiology)
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Spain (epidemiology)
• Temperature
• Young Adult