Safety and immunogenicity of IMVAMUNE® smallpox vaccine using different strategies for a post event scenario.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Reintroduction of Variola major as an agent of bioterrorism remains a concern. A shortened dosing schedule of Bavarian Nordic's (BN) IMVAMUNE(®) (modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine against smallpox) was compared to the currently recommended 0- and 28-day schedule for non-inferiority by evaluating the magnitude and kinetics of the immune responses.

METHODS:

Subjects were assigned to receive IMVAMUNE or placebo administered subcutaneously on Days 0 and 7, Days 0 and 28, or Day 0. Blood was collected for antibody and cell-mediated immune assays. Subjects were followed for safety for 12 months after last vaccination.

RESULTS:

The primary endpoint of this study was the geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) at 14 days post last vaccination. Of 208 subjects enrolled, 191 received vaccine (Group: 0+7, Group: 0+28 and Group: 0) and 17 received placebo. Moderate/severe systemic reactogenicity after any vaccination were reported by 31.1%, 25.4%, and 28.6% of the subjects for Group: 0+7, Group: 0+28, and Group: 0, respectively (Chi-square test, P=0.77). Based on BN's Plaque Reduction Assay GMTs, Group: 0+7 was non-inferior to Group: 0+28 at Day 4, 180, and 365 after the second vaccination. On Day 14, Group: 0+7 and Group: 0+28 GMT were 10.8 (CI: 9.0, 12.9) and 30.2 (CI: 22.1, 41.1), respectively. Based on BN's Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the proportion of subjects with positive titers for Group: 0+28 was significantly greater than that for Group: 0+7 after second vaccination at Days 4 and 180. By Day 14 after the second dose, the IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) responses were similar for Group: 0+28 and Group: 0+7.

CONCLUSION:

Overall, a standard dose of IMVAMUNE (0.5 mL of 1 x 10(8) TCID/mL) administered subcutaneously was safe and well tolerated. A second dose of IMVAMUNE at Day 28 compared to Day 7 provided greater antibody responses and the maximal number of responders. By Day 14 after the second dose, IFN-γ ELISPOT responses were similar for Group: 0+28 and Group: 0+7.

• Authors: Sharon E Frey, Patricia L Winokur, Robert A Salata, Samer S El-Kamary, Christine B Turley, Emmanuel B Walter Jr, Christine Mhorag Hay, Frances K Newman, Heather R Hill, Ying Zhang, Paul Chaplin, Magdalena Tary-Lehmann, Robert B Belshe
• Journal: Vaccine (Vaccine) Vol. 31 Issue 29 Pg. 3025-33 (Jun 24 2013) ISSN: 1873-2518 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 23664987 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• Smallpox Vaccine
• Vaccines, Attenuated
• imvamune

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood, immunology)
• Antibodies, Viral (blood, immunology)
• Antibody Formation (immunology)
• Bioterrorism
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Female
• Humans
• Immunity, Cellular (immunology)
• Male
• Smallpox (prevention & control)
• Smallpox Vaccine (administration & dosage, adverse effects, immunology)
• Vaccination (adverse effects, methods)
• Vaccines, Attenuated (administration & dosage, adverse effects, immunology)
• Variola virus (immunology)
• Young Adult