Gold-bead implantation as a method of
pain treatment in dogs suffering from osteoarthritic disease is receiving increasing attention in veterinary medicine. For the present article, publications from veterinary books and journals were collected and evaluated, together with related articles in human medicine. After providing an overview of the historical use of
gold and
gold compounds, the technique of implanting this noble
metal is introduced. The reasons for establishing the terms
gold acupuncture and
gold (bead) implantation are described, considering the question whether and what kind of methodological differences exist behind these terms. Next, previous publications concerning the effects of
gold implantation in tissue are summarised. In 2002 it was proven that
gold ions are released from the surface of
gold implants by a process termed dissolucytosis. Subsequent publications further investigated details about the interaction between
gold ions and tissue as well as the distribution pattern of bio-released
ions.
Gold compounds were previously used for chrysotherapy in human medicine until medication with fewer side effects became established. The anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties of
gold compounds were used to treat
rheumatoid arthritis. Current research aims to ascertain whether the anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulating effects of
gold compounds are imitated by
gold ions released from
gold implants at a local level. In conclusion, the present review summarises important findings about the effects of
gold implanted in tissue. However, further research is necessary to estimate the limitations and benefits of this auromedication.