In this study, we have assessed the ability of two TAT-fused
peptides PYC36D-TAT and JNKI-1D-TAT (JNKI-1 or XG-102), which respectively inhibit jun proto-oncogene (c-Jun) and
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, to reduce
infarct volume and improve functional outcome (adhesive tape removal) after transient focal
cerebral ischemia in Spontaneously Hypertensive (SH) rats. PYC36D-TAT and JNKI-1D-TAT
peptide batches used for experiments were tested in vitro and protected cortical neurons against
glutamate excitotoxicity. Rats were treated intravenously with three different doses of PYC36D-TAT (7.7, 76, or 255 nmol/kg), JNKI-1D-TAT (255 nmol/kg), D-TAT
peptide (255 nmol/kg), or saline (vehicle control), 10 minutes after reperfusion after 90 minutes of
middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Contrary to other
stroke models, no treatment significantly reduced
infarct volume or improved functional score measurements compared with vehicle-treated animals when assessed 48 hours after MCAO. Additionally, assessment of the JNKI-1D-TAT
peptide, when administered 1 or 2 hours after reperfusion after 90 minutes of MCAO, also did not improve histological or functional outcomes at 48 hours after occlusion. This study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of PYC36D-TAT and JNKI-1D-TAT using the SH rat, which has recently been shown to be more sensitive to
AMPA receptor activation rather than to
NMDA receptor activation after
cerebral ischemia, and which may have contributed to the negative findings.