Abstract | BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of tics and dystonia as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of patients with tics and persistent dystonia, with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: RESULTS: From our database of 224 patients with tics, 20 had co-occurrence of tics and dystonia as a primary disorder. Six patients had Tourette's syndrome, and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic tics. Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of tics (9 with motor/phonic tics and 3 with motor tics). Dystonia was focal in 12 patients (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and dystonia was 28.3 ± 19.7 and 40.5 ± 15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded dystonia in 12, dystonia preceded tics in 4, and 1 patient had simultaneous onset of tics and dystonia. In 3 patients, symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 patients required treatment for their tics. Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of dystonia treatment (16 patients), whereas 6 received trihexyphenidyl. Six patients each had depression and obsessive compulsive symptoms, and 5 had attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of tics associated with persistent focal/segmental dystonia. Apart from the presence of dystonia, our data suggest that these patients are differentiated from pure tic disorders by a later age of onset, lesser severity of tics, and lower frequency of associated features.
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Authors | Joana Damásio, Mark J Edwards, Araceli Alonso-Canovas, Petra Schwingenschuh, Georg Kägi, Kailash P Bhatia |
Journal | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
(Mov Disord)
Vol. 26
Issue 4
Pg. 679-84
(Mar 2011)
ISSN: 1531-8257 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 21506147
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2010 Movement Disorder Society. |
Chemical References |
- Anti-Dyskinesia Agents
- Antiparkinson Agents
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Botulinum Toxins
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Topics |
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Aged
- Anti-Dyskinesia Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Antiparkinson Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Botulinum Toxins
(therapeutic use)
- Dystonia
(complications, drug therapy)
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Tic Disorders
(complications, drug therapy)
- Trihexyphenidyl
(therapeutic use)
- Young Adult
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