Cafestol, a coffee-specific diterpene, induces apoptosis in renal carcinoma Caki cells through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and Akt phosphorylation.

Abstract	Cafestol, one of the major compounds in coffee beans, has been reported for its tumor cell growth inhibitory activity and anti-carcinogenic activity, although the mechanism of action is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cafestol on the apoptotic pathway in human renal Caki cells and other cancer cell lines. Cafestol treatment inhibited Caki cells viability a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of sub-G1 phase. Cafestol-induced apoptosis is associated with the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activation of caspase 3, cytochrome c release, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and cFLIP). Cafestol-induced apoptosis was blocked by pretreatment with broad caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, showing its dependence on caspases. Ectopic expression of Bcl-2 or Mcl-1 in Caki cells attenuates cafestol-induced apoptosis. In addition, we have also shown that cafestol inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway, and PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly increases cafestol-induced apoptosis in Caki cells. Taken together, our results show the activity of cafestol to modulate multiple components in apoptotic response of human renal Caki cells and a potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing cancers such as renal carcinoma.
Authors	Min Jung Choi, Eun Jung Park, Jung Hwa Oh, Kyoung-Jin Min, Eun Sun Yang, Young Ho Kim, Tae Jin Lee, Sang Hyun Kim, Yung Hyun Choi, Jong-Wook Park, Taeg Kyu Kwon
Journal	Chemico-biological interactions (Chem Biol Interact) Vol. 190 Issue 2-3 Pg. 102-8 (Apr 25 2011) ISSN: 1872-7786 [Electronic] Ireland
PMID	21334318 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright	Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical References	Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones Antineoplastic Agents Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Caspase Inhibitors Chromones Diterpenes LY 290042 Morpholines Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone Cytochromes c cafestol Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt Caspase 3
Topics	Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones (pharmacology) Antineoplastic Agents (pharmacology) Apoptosis Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins (metabolism) Carcinoma, Renal Cell (metabolism) Caspase 3 (metabolism) Caspase Inhibitors Cell Line, Tumor Chromones (pharmacology) Cytochromes c (metabolism) DNA Fragmentation Diterpenes (pharmacology) Down-Regulation G1 Phase Humans Kidney Neoplasms (metabolism) Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial (drug effects) Morpholines (pharmacology) Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (metabolism) Phosphorylation Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (metabolism) Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 (metabolism) Signal Transduction

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