We investigated the genotype-dependent therapeutic potential of targeting the
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway for
thyroid cancer. Proliferation of TPC1, Hth7, FTC133, OCUT1, K1, and BCPAP cells that harbored PI3K/Akt-activating genetic alterations was potently inhibited by the Akt inhibitor
perifosine, whereas SW1736, Hth74, WRO, KAT18, and TAD2 cells that harbored no genetic alterations had no or only modest responses. Inhibition of Akt phosphorylation by
perifosine was seen in these cells. Genetic-dependent apoptosis was induced by
perifosine in cells selectively tested. Similarly, potent inhibition of cell proliferation by the
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor
temsirolimus occurred in virtually all the cells harboring genetic alterations, whereas modest inhibition was seen in some of the cells not harboring genetic alterations.
Temsirolimus inhibited the phosphorylation of
p70S6K, a substrate of mTOR. Knockdown of Akt1/2 or mTOR by
shRNA approach inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of FTC133 and OCUT1 cells that harbored genetic alterations in the PI3K/Akt pathway but had no effect on SW1736 and KAT18 cells that did not. Transfection with PIK3CA mutants greatly sensitized SW1736 cells to
perifosine and
temsirolimus. Growth of xenograft
tumors derived from FTC133 cells but not SW1736 cells in nude mice was dramatically inhibited by
perifosine. Thus, this work for the first time shows that genetic alterations in the PI3K/Akt pathway confer
thyroid cancer cells addiction to this pathway and their sensitivity to inhibition by targeting Akt and mTOR. This genotype-based targeting of the PI3K/Akt pathway using Akt and
mTOR inhibitors may offer an effective therapeutic strategy for
thyroid cancer and warrants further studies.