Abstract | OBJECTIVE: STUDY DESIGN: The timed pregnant CD-1 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (25 to 75 microg/kg per day) on gestational day 15 to 17. To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species on lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine fetal growth restriction and skeletal development retardation, the pregnant mice were injected with alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) at 30 minutes before lipopolysaccharide (75 microg/kg per day, intraperitoneally), followed by an additional dose of alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) at 3 hours after lipopolysaccharide. The number of live fetuses, dead fetuses, and resorption sites was counted on gestational day 18. Live fetuses in each litter were weighed. Crown-rump and tail lengths were examined and skeletal development was evaluated. RESULTS: Maternal lipopolysaccharide exposure significantly increased fetal mortality, reduced fetal weight and crown-rump and tail lengths of live fetuses, and retarded skeletal ossification in caudal vertebrae, anterior and posterior phalanges, and supraoccipital bone in a dose-dependent manner. Alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone, a free radical spin-trapping agent, almost completely blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death (63.2% in lipopolysaccharide group versus 6.5% in alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone + lipopolysaccharide group, P < .01). In addition, alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone significantly reversed lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine growth restriction and skeletal development retardation. However, aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, had little effect. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide-induced intrauterine fetal death, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and skeletal development retardation were associated with lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion in maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver. Alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion in maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver. CONCLUSION:
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Authors | De-Xiang Xu, Yuan-Hua Chen, Lei Zhao, Hua Wang, Wei Wei |
Journal | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
(Am J Obstet Gynecol)
Vol. 195
Issue 6
Pg. 1707-14
(Dec 2006)
ISSN: 1097-6868 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 16769026
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Cyclic N-Oxides
- Free Radical Scavengers
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone
- Glutathione
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Topics |
- Animals
- Bone Development
(drug effects)
- Crown-Rump Length
- Cyclic N-Oxides
(pharmacology)
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fetal Death
- Fetal Growth Retardation
(chemically induced, metabolism)
- Fetal Weight
- Free Radical Scavengers
(pharmacology)
- Gestational Age
- Glutathione
(antagonists & inhibitors)
- Lipid Peroxidation
(drug effects)
- Lipopolysaccharides
(administration & dosage, antagonists & inhibitors, pharmacology)
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Osteogenesis
(drug effects)
- Pregnancy
- Reactive Oxygen Species
(metabolism)
- Tail
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