Hypertension is associated with
cognitive impairment in older adults. The Hypertensive Old People in Edinburgh (HOPE) study reported improved scores in two psychometric tests in those subjects with the greatest fall in diastolic blood pressure during a 24-week randomised, double-blind trial of
captopril versus
bendrofluazide in 81 elderly hypertensive people with
mild cognitive impairment. Three hundred and eighty-seven of the original sample of 603 older people with and without
hypertension and/or
cognitive impairment from which the trial subsample was drawn were available for adequate psychometric testing 4 years later. Blood pressure was related prospectively to Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), a measure of fluid intelligence, but not memory differences. RPM scores were obtained at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and at the end of the randomised controlled trial. For subjects on
captopril mean scores at each time point adjusted for blood pressure change were 27.6 (95% CI 25.5-29.6), 27.2 (95% CI 25.1-29.2), 28.4 (95% CI 26.6-30.3) and 28.9 (95% CI 26.9-30.9), and for
bendrofluazide 27.1 (95% CI 25.1-29.0), 28.9 (95% CI 26.9-30.9), 28.9 (95% CI 27.2-30.7) and 28.7 (95% CI 26.8-30.6). There was a significant improvement in scores for those on
bendrofluazide compared with
captopril at week 6 (F=8.10, p=0.006, partial eta2=0.11). There were no significant effects for either
drug or blood pressure at any time point for tests of memory. Future trials of the effects of
antihypertensive therapy on cognition should focus more on outcomes other than memory. Early differential effects of therapeutic agents may not be maintained.