To assess the role of the hepatitis C virus in patients with unexplained chronic
liver disease, we tested for the presence of anti-
hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) in the stored serum of patients with
cryptogenic cirrhosis and a variety of other chronic
liver diseases. The anti-HCV assay was performed by both the
enzyme-linked and recombinant immunoblot methods in 16 patients with
cryptogenic cirrhosis. Eight of these 16 patients (50%) were seropositive. Six of these eight patients were born outside of the United States, compared with only one of eight seronegative patients (p = 0.021). Of the anti-HCV-positive cryptogenic cirrhotic patients, 50% also had markers of previous
hepatitis B infection, compared with only 12.5% of seronegative patients. Evidence of anti-HCV positivity was found in 10%, 19%, 0%, and 0% in patients with
alcoholic cirrhosis,
autoimmune hepatitis,
primary biliary cirrhosis, and
primary sclerosing cholangitis, respectively. We conclude that in a suburban American population,
hepatitis C accounts for a significant percentage of patients with presumed
cryptogenic cirrhosis. Unrecognized risk factors may account for a higher prevalence of HCV in foreign-born patients with
cryptogenic cirrhosis. A low prevalence of anti-HCV positivity is found in other forms of chronic
liver disease.