Hepatitis B

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Networked: 14626 relevant articles (856 outcomes, 1407 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Chronic Hepatitis B
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
4.	Hepatitis
5.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease)

Experts

1.	Kao, Jia-Horng: 79 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Chen, Pei-Jer: 70 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Lai, Ching-Lung: 70 articles (09/2015 - 07/2002)
4.	Chen, Ding-Shinn: 65 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Yuen, Man-Fung: 53 articles (09/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Liu, Chun-Jen: 53 articles (02/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Liaw, Yun-Fan: 52 articles (08/2015 - 04/2002)
8.	Marcellin, Patrick: 48 articles (01/2016 - 01/2002)
9.	Kumada, Hiromitsu: 46 articles (04/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Tanaka, Yasuhito: 43 articles (12/2015 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hepatitis B:

1.	AntigensIBA 12/01/1978 - "Eight of ten in the hepatitis B antigen-postive group cleared their antigen and had complete clinical recovery. " 07/01/2001 - "In adults at risk for a reduced response to hepatitis B vaccination [i.e., older adults (>/=40), the obese, males, and smokers], the triple antigen vaccine produced a significantly greater percentage of protected subjects (P < 0.001) and higher geometric mean titre (P < 0.001). " 07/01/2002 - "Sustained serological clearance of hepatitis B e antigen was associated with activation of CD4 positive HBV-specific T-cell reactivity and were of T-helper 1. Hence combination therapy with immunomodulatory agents and nucleoside analogues should be explored." 12/01/1993 - "Delayed clearance of hepatitis B e antigen occurred more frequently in nonresponders who had elevated pretreatment serum transaminase levels. " 12/01/1993 - "Twenty-eight (28%) nonresponders had sustained clearance of hepatitis B e antigen during follow-up. "
2.	Lamivudine (3TC)FDA Link 08/01/2000 - "Lamivudine is highly effective in suppressing hepatitis B viral replication and hepatic necroinflammatory activity. " 02/01/2014 - "Considering the limited potency and high resistance rates to lamivudine therapy, our study emphasizes the use of more potent drugs in the management of chronic hepatitis B in the Indian subcontinent." 12/01/2011 - "This analysis suggests that supplemental use of lamivudine in mothers with high hepatitis B viraemia is effective in reducing vertical transmission and may be cost effective, from a Taiwanese societal perspective, compared with the routine active-passive immunization without lamivudine." 03/01/2009 - "Hepatitis B was treated successfully with lamivudine. " 03/01/2009 - "The obtained results suggest significant efficacy of lamivudine in patients with subacute hepatitis B. "
3.	Hepatitis B e AntigensIBA 06/01/2012 - "Host genetic variants and hepatitis B virologic features in HBeAg-negative hepatitis B carriers with long-term biochemical remission." 11/01/2009 - "This study shows that mean hepatic stiffness by elastography is significantly lower in patients with inactive hepatitis B compared to those with HBeAg-negative disease. " 12/01/1991 - "Other studies demonstrated that the mutant forms were observed with increasing frequency during the successful conversion from HBeAg positivity to anti-hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) positivity. " 07/01/2015 - "Detection of hepatitis B activity in HBeAg-negative carriers with normal aminotransferase levels in central Brazil." 02/01/2015 - "Correlation Between Hepatitis B G1896A Precore Mutations and HBeAg in Chronic HBV Patients."
4.	Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (HBsAg)FDA Link 02/01/2014 - "Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level is important in the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). " 05/01/2010 - "In addition, the very large population of patients who have been exposed to the virus and have apparently cleared the virus as assessed by serological testing (HBsAg negative/hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb] positive) may also be at risk of reactivation. " 01/01/2003 - "-B(Eng) had excellent protective efficacy against HBsAg carriage in healthy infants and children, and in neonates born to hepatitis B carrier mothers (protective efficacy of 95-99%). " 08/01/1994 - "The results show that long-term protection against HBsAg carriage of hepatitis B vaccination is very high and that a booster dose at school age does not significantly increase this protection." 12/01/1998 - "There was no significant difference in the donors' hepatitis B surface antibody titer before BMT for patients with or without serologic clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (2255.2+/-4244.0 vs. 854.2+/-2306.7 mIU/mL; P=not significant). "
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/27/2001 - "It is rapidly effective against virus replication since, after a one-month treatment, hepatitis B DNA levels are negative in most of the treated patients. " 08/01/2006 - "This first evaluation showed that DNA chip technology can provide important information in relation to the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B." 06/01/2012 - "Changes of serum HBV-DNA in 30 hepatitis B carriers with PNALT had showed a significant reduction of viral load from baseline to last visit (mean difference of paired HBV-DNA levels: -0.78 log10 IU/ml, 95% CI: -1.57 to -0.013, P = 0.047). " 05/01/2011 - "Successful treatment of hepatitis B can be achieved only if the template for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication, the covalently closed circular HBV DNA (cccDNA) can be completely cleared. " 01/01/2010 - "Serum HBV DNA level is crucial in the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the assay is expensive and cannot be used widely. "
6.	hepatitis B hyperimmune globulinIBA 11/01/2000 - "Long-term immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) dramatically improved post-OLT survival, but recurrent HBV still occurred in up to 36% of the recipients. " 04/01/1982 - "Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is specific and effective for hepatitis B, but its value is offset by its high cost. " 08/01/2001 - "Long-term IV HBIG is effective in preventing recurrent hepatitis B. " 01/01/2013 - "  ETV combined with HBIG provides effective and safe prophylaxis in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after LDLT." 01/01/2014 - "Despite the success of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of the newborn in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus), in non-US clinical trials, administering hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) to mothers at the end of pregnancy (in addition to passive-active PEP of the newborn) only partially improved outcomes. "
7.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 01/01/1982 - "Hepatitis B immunoglobulin is more effective than immune serum globulin. " 10/01/2014 - "New nucleos(t)ide analogue monoprophylaxis after cessation of hepatitis B immunoglobulin is effective against hepatitis B recurrence." 11/01/2009 - "Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral therapy was only partially effective in preventing HBV reinfection in patients with HCC recurrence." 01/01/2000 - "The hospital-wide hepatitis B immunisation programme helped to raise the immune status of the staff so as to reduce the costly prophylactic usage of hepatitis B immunoglobulin." 06/09/1989 - "Immunization with a recombinant vaccine without concomitant administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, therefore, considerably decreased the incidence of the carrier state."
8.	InterferonsIBA 01/01/2000 - "Hepatitis B immune globulin and interferon have been found to be effective in varying degrees. " 01/01/1990 - "Problems in the management of chronic hepatitis B with interferon: experience in a randomized, multicentre study." 07/01/2009 - "Comments on the EASL practice guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis B: controversies in interferon-based therapy." 02/01/1997 - "Preliminary data suggest that interferons may have a role in the management of chronic hepatitis B and C." 07/01/1995 - "Enumerates factors influencing the efficacy of interferon therapy and the outcome of viral hepatitis B."
9.	Hepatitis B Vaccines (Hepatitis B Vaccine)IBA 08/01/2010 - "Vaccination is the measure that is most effective in reducing the global incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines have now been available for over 20 years. " 10/21/1976 - "They may be important determinants in assessing infectivity of chronic carriers of HBs Ag and in evaluating efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccines." 12/01/2011 - "The current immunization schedule for hepatitis B vaccine includes a dose given as early as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours for all institutional deliveries because the birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B. " 01/01/1993 - "The hepatitis B vaccine, which was introduced to use in Thailand in 1985, seems to be effective in reducing the prevalence of hepatitis B carriers year after year. " 01/01/1985 - "Follow-up studies have demonstrated the effect of this prevention, and the newly developed hepatitis B vaccine has further improved the possibilities for effective prophylaxis against occupational hepatitis B. "
10.	entecavirFDA Link 03/01/2008 - "Based on the results of this study, entecavir is likely to be cost-effective in treating hepatitis B patients in China based on the World Health Organization's recommended maximum willingness to pay threshold." 01/01/2014 - "Entecavir is considered a first-line therapeutic option for hepatitis B, due to its demonstrated efficacy in rapidly suppressing the viral load. " 05/01/2013 - "Entecavir is one of the therapeutic options currently available for the management of chronic hepatitis B. " 02/01/2009 - "[Case-controlled study of entecavir treatment for chronic severe hepatitis B]." 09/01/2015 - "The blood tests and cross-sectional area (mm(2)) of the psoas major muscle on computed tomography were measured before and after long-term entecavir therapy (median, 39 mo; range, 14-76 mo) in patients with hepatitis B (17 men, 13 women; mean age, 63 ± 13 y). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 02/01/2009 - "The outcome of liver transplantation for hepatitis B has markedly improved in the last two decades. " 02/15/2003 - "The results of liver transplantation in these patients have significantly improved to a level comparable to those of other recipients as a result of the rapid evolution in the strategies of prevention and treatment of recurrent hepatitis B over the past decade. " 09/01/2002 - "Survival rates of hepatitis B patients after liver transplantation improved significantly by introduction of passive immunoprophylaxis. " 09/01/2015 - "Nucleoside-Nucleotide Analog Combination Therapy Is Effective in Preventing Recurrent Hepatitis B After Liver Transplantation." 01/01/2003 - "This study was designed to analyse the influence of alloreactivity and immunosuppression, on the efficacy of adoptive immune transfer to hepatitis B by liver transplantation. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 09/01/2013 - "A comprehensive study of the safety of using anti-hepatitis B core (Hbc) positive subjects in living donor liver transplants." 10/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination as defined by the seroconversion to hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) positivity in peripheral blood stem cell transplants. " 02/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to provide a prospective evaluation of the immunogenicity of the recombinant vaccine (RV) against Hepatitis B in pediatric patients with liver transplants (TxH) who for different reasons did not receive a pretransplantation vaccine. " 12/01/1995 - "Intensive study of transplant patients with hepatitis B has led to a new understanding of the immunobiology of hepatitis B virus." 09/01/2015 - "The use of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)-positive grafts is increasing, especially where hepatitis B is endemic. "
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 12/01/2004 - "The combined therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B administered to liver transplant recipients at our centre showed very good outcomes. " 06/01/2006 - "Long-term protection against hepatitis B in pediatric liver recipients can be achieved effectively with vaccination after transplantation." 08/01/1992 - "Protection against hepatitis B was observed in 73.3% of the children evaluated prior to transplantation. " 08/01/1986 - "Protection against hepatitis B after marrow transplantation." 08/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to present a fatal case of fulminant hepatitis B (FHB) that developed in a renal transplant recipient, immunized against hepatitis B, 1 year post transplantation. "
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 04/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intradermal low dose with intramuscular high dose hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients. " 01/01/2007 - "Low dose intradermal vaccination is superior to high dose intramuscular vaccination for hepatitis B in unresponsive hemodialysis patients." 11/01/2009 - "In patients on hemodialysis with a history of failure to respond to hepatitis B vaccination, intradermal revaccination is more effective than repeat intramuscular vaccination. " 12/01/1998 - "The results show that intradermal hepatitis B vaccination response with a higher vaccination dose than previously used in hemodialysis patients is superior to conventional intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccination and is also well tolerated. " 08/01/2006 - "The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination with intramuscular vaccination in hemodialysis patients. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2009 - "In this study, we retrospectively assessed the prevalence of hepatitis B reactivation among the patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. " 07/01/2006 - "Two hundred and thirty-three patients with unresectable HCC (mainly hepatitis B-associated) who were recruited into two separate randomized phase III clinical studies, based on palliative chemotherapy and palliative hormonal therapy, respectively, gave consent and received pretreatment QoL assessment. " 10/01/2015 - "Invited Commentary: Screening for hepatitis B in the immigrant population and individuals who are in need of immunosuppressive drug therapy." 05/08/2015 - "Hepatitis B reactivation in the setting of chemotherapy and immunosuppression - prevention is better than cure." 02/01/2015 - "There is good evidence to support routine screening of all patients for hepatitis B prior to undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment; use of prompt antiviral treatment appears to diminish the risk of severe or fatal reactivation of hepatitis B."