Insulin resistance, atherogenicity, and iron metabolism in multiple sclerosis with and without depression: Associations with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uric acid.

Abstract

Depression is accompanied by metabolic disorders in iron metabolism, lipoproteins, and insulin resistance. We measured plasma levels of ferritin, iron, lipids, insulin, and glucose and computed the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in MS patients with and without depression and healthy controls. Explanatory variables were serum uric acid, interleukin (IL)-6, lipid hydroperoxides (CL-LOOH), albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), neurological disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and disease progression using ∆EDSS over five years earlier. HOMA2IR and insulin were predicted by diagnosis (increased in MS), age and body mass index (BMI); AIP by diagnosis, sex, BMI, CRP, and uric acid; triglycerides by diagnosis (higher in MS without depression), age, BMI and uric acid; ferritin by diagnosis (higher in MS), sex, CRP, and albumin; and iron by albumin. The HADS score was significantly predicted by ∆EDSS, gastro-intestinal symptoms, iron (inverse), and age. MS is characterized by significantly increased insulin resistance, which is determined by increased insulin levels; and increased ferritin, a biomarker of inflammation. Depression in MS is not associated with increased insulin resistance and atherogenicity but with lowered iron.

• Authors: Sayonara Rangel Oliveira, Ana Paula Kallaur, Josiane Lopes, Andrea Name Colado Simão, Edna Maria Reiche, Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida, Helena Kaminami Morimoto, Wildea Lice de Carvalho Jennings de Pereira, Daniela Frizon Alfieri, Tamires Flauzino, Caio de Meleck Proença, Anna Maria Gomes, Damacio Ramón Kaimen-Maciel, Michael Maes
• Journal: Psychiatry research (Psychiatry Res) Vol. 250 Pg. 113-120 (Apr 2017) ISSN: 1872-7123 [Electronic] Ireland
• PMID: 28152396 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Uric Acid
• C-Reactive Protein
• Ferritins
• Iron

Topics

• Adult
• Atherosclerosis (complications, metabolism)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• C-Reactive Protein (metabolism)
• Case-Control Studies
• Depressive Disorder (complications, metabolism)
• Female
• Ferritins (blood)
• Humans
• Inflammation (complications, metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance (physiology)
• Iron (metabolism)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Multiple Sclerosis (complications, metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (physiology)
• Uric Acid (blood)
• Young Adult