Insulin Resistance

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20961 relevant articles (977 outcomes, 2643 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. It can be caused by the presence of INSULIN ANTIBODIES or the abnormalities in insulin receptors (RECEPTOR, INSULIN) on target cell surfaces. It is often associated with OBESITY; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; INFECTION; and certain rare conditions. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

Also Known As:

Resistance, Insulin

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Metabolic Diseases: 1401

Glucose Metabolism Disorders: 41

Hyperinsulinism: 5886

Insulin Resistance: 20961

Metabolic Syndrome X: 105

Physiological Phenomena

Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug Resistance

Insulin Resistance: 20961

Related Diseases

1.	Obesity
2.	Syndrome
3.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)
4.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Haffner, Steven M: 17 articles (07/2007 - 04/2002)
2.	Shulman, Gerald I: 14 articles (10/2007 - 05/2002)
3.	Kadowaki, Takashi: 13 articles (07/2008 - 01/2002)
4.	Adeli, Khosrow: 13 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Kahn, C Ronald: 12 articles (07/2008 - 05/2003)
6.	D'Agostino, Ralph: 11 articles (09/2007 - 04/2002)
7.	Reaven, Gerald M: 11 articles (07/2007 - 02/2002)
8.	Ueki, Kohjiro: 10 articles (07/2008 - 06/2004)
9.	Kim, Jason K: 10 articles (12/2007 - 06/2003)
10.	Scherer, Philipp E: 10 articles (08/2007 - 07/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Insulin Resistance:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 02/18/2002 - "A determination of the genetic defects that predispose to either insulin resistance or decreased insulin secretion is important, as an improved understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms may be essential for the development of the most effective treatment. " 01/01/2002 - "The 112/121 haplotype combination was also associated with a marked decrease in the insulin secretory response, adjusted for the level of insulin resistance (P = 0.002). " 11/01/1980 - "After prolonged exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to Anti-R, the insulinomimetic activity is lost, and the cells show a marked decrease in their maximal response to insulin (antibody-induced desensitization), thus providing a model for the insulin resistance seen in vivo. " 07/01/2009 - "The high levels of insulin may play a role in stimulating the resumption of ovarian activity, which in turn may help to resolve the transient period of insulin resistance. " 08/01/2008 - "The changes in fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly greater in patients with ABCC8 exon16-3 C/C versus the T/C and T/T genotypes (P=0.0372 and 0.0274, respectively). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 03/18/2009 - "However, they caused a marked decrease of FBG and a significant improvement on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice. " 10/01/2004 - "Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide led to its transduction into various tissues in vivo, and this treatment markedly improved insulin resistance and ameliorated glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. " 03/01/1995 - "Despite these marked effects at the adipose cell level, glucose tolerance is not improved, probably due to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, where the transgene is not expressed. " 08/01/1991 - "High fat feeding causes insulin resistance and a marked decrease in the expression of glucose transporters (Glut 4) in fat cells of rats." 10/01/2008 - "Insulin resistance, measured by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, of the treated rats was significantly improved along with an increase in the number of small differentiated adipocytes; however, epididymal fat mass decreased. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "Despite the marked decrease in progression to diabetes and the improvement in insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk markers in the ILS and metformin groups, there was no improvement in ACR, on average, in those two groups. " 05/01/2007 - "The combination of thiazolinediones and metformin is associated with a slight but significant improvement in the long-term blood pressure control of these patients, and with an improvement in the anti-inflammatory state, both of which are related to a similar reduction in insulin-resistance." 03/01/2007 - "Insulin resistance was improved by metformin and worsened by the high-dose OCP. " 11/08/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Long-term therapy with metformin led to the improvement in menstrual cyclicity, without significant change in basal steroid levels or parameters of insulin resistance." 04/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Metformin treatment improved both insulin resistance and endothelial function, with a strong statistical link between these variables. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	pioglitazone (Actos)FDA Link 08/01/2001 - "Pioglitazone significantly (P < 0.001) decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; -12.4+/-7.46%) and improved beta-cell function (Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-BCF); +47.7+/-11.58%). " 03/01/2007 - "Pioglitazone is widely used for the treatment of diabetic patients with insulin resistance. " 10/01/2002 - "Pioglitazone has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, as it reduces insulin resistance and improves glycaemic control and abnormal lipid profiles. " 09/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pioglitazone not only improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control and lipid profile, but also ameliorates renal injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in type 2 diabetic rats." 02/01/2007 - "In mild-to-moderate T2D, pioglitazone monotherapy decreased fasting and post-prandial glycemia, principally via inhibition of gluconeogenesis, improved hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	AdiponectinIBA 10/03/2006 - "BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that high serum concentrations of adiponectin, an emerging biomarker that is linked to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, may be protective against T2DM and CHD. " 11/01/2003 - "Our work also confirmed that replenishment of adiponectin represents a novel treatment strategy for insulin resistance and Type II diabetes using animal models. " 09/01/2003 - "Thus, the administration of adiponectin may provide a novel treatment modality for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." 08/01/2001 - "These data also indicate that the replenishment of adiponectin might provide a novel treatment modality for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." 08/10/2006 - "Non-viral adiponectin gene therapy into obese type 2 diabetic mice ameliorates insulin resistance." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	PPAR gammaIBA 10/01/2003 - "Indeed, pharmacological inhibitors of PPARgamma/RXR ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in animal models of type 2 diabetes." 07/15/2004 - "Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists may exert protective effects on the vascular endothelium by amelioration of insulin resistance and through direct anti-inflammatory effects. " 06/15/2009 - "They acted as full or partial PPARgamma agonist, or improved insulin resistance through non-PPARgamma pathway." 04/01/2008 - "We used a loss-of-function approach to investigate whether ABA ameliorates insulin resistance through a mechanism dependent on immune cell PPARgamma. " 03/01/2007 - "There appears to be certain genes which predispose Indians to diabetes while other genes (for example Pro 12 Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma gene) which afford protection against diabetes and insulin resistance to Caucasians, do not appear to protect Indians. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	rosiglitazone (Avandia)FDA Link 07/01/2005 - "Insulin resistance indices were significantly improved after rosiglitazone treatment (P < 0.05). " 08/01/1997 - "BRL 49653 ameliorates insulin resistance and improves glucoregulation in high-fat-fed (HF) rats. " 09/01/1999 - "Rosiglitazone is effective against insulin resistance]" 09/01/2007 - "RESULTS: As expected, rosiglitazone improved insulin resistance and postprandial hyperglycaemia. " 01/01/2005 - "Rosiglitazone monotherapy improved insulin resistance but not overall beta-cell secretion. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	LeptinIBA 04/01/2005 - "RESULTS: We found no difference in cardiac indices, insulin resistance, body composition and leptin levels between patients with complete biochemical remission and those with inadequately controlled disease (P > 0.05 for all) after TSS. " 12/01/2008 - "And the simultaneous measurement of insulin resistance and leptin concentration might be helpful for screening subjects with a high-risk of CAD." 01/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: Long-term recombinant leptin therapy is effective in treating the insulin resistance of patients with the unusual combination of T1D and AGL." 10/01/2009 - "In the present study, we investigated a role of ER stress in the development of central leptin and insulin resistance. " 07/01/2008 - "In this study, we aimed to examine whether serum leptin levels correlate with insulin resistance, oxidative stress parameters and the severity of histological changes in NAFLD. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 10/29/2004 - "Overexpression of dominant-negative type JNK in the liver of obese diabetic mice dramatically improved insulin resistance and markedly decreased blood glucose levels. " 08/01/2005 - "Blood glucose (204+/-16 mg/dL to 147+/-8 mg/dL, P<.001) and insulin resistance (9.11+/-1.51 to 7.15+/-1.15, P=.04) improved significantly in the ST group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the ET group. " 02/01/1999 - "Successful treatment for these endocrinopathies resulted in greatly improved blood sugar control because of a reduction in insulin resistance. " 11/01/2009 - "Fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance index and nerve conduction studies were measured. " 02/01/2007 - "Relationships between insulin resistance, blood glucose levels and gastric motility: an electrogastrography and external ultrasonography study." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	ThiazolidinedionesIBA 05/01/2003 - "The newest class, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), should be a mainstay of treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes, because these agents reduce insulin resistance as well as improve glycemic control. " 06/01/1995 - "Agents that reduce insulin resistance include the thiazolidinediones, which are very effective in animals. " 07/01/2003 - "In summary, with the thiazolidinediones, a novel concept for the treatment of insulin resistance and possibly preservation of beta-cell function is available that could become effective in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes. " 09/01/2001 - "The thiazolidinediones are a new class of drug that ameliorate insulin resistance, and we await to see if their use is associated with improved diabetes outcomes. " 04/01/2000 - "Therefore, further studies including non-diabetic patients with ART-associated insulin resistance may be helpful in evaluating the long-term effects of thiazolidinediones on ART-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic complications, such as adipose maldistribution and dyslipidaemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 04/01/2009 - "Prolonged use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with insulin resistance in HIV-1-positive patients. " 02/01/2009 - "We attempted to describe the prevalence of insulin resistance among HIV-infected children receiving HAART. " 02/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is reported to cause insulin resistance among adults, but effects on children are less clear. " 01/01/2009 - "Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated metabolic complications include lipoatrophy (loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) and insulin resistance. " 05/26/2008 - "58% of PI, 44% of non-PI, 38% of HAART-naive and none of healthy controls had a HOMA-index > 2.5 which indicates insulin resistance. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Bariatric Surgery 05/01/2005 - "Bariatric surgery for morbidly obese patients leads to rapid and prolonged improvement in insulin resistance and T2DM in the vast majority of patients. " 10/01/2009 - "RESULTS: Bariatric surgery improved insulin resistance, abnormal liver function tests and liver histology. " 03/01/2009 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) in lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese patients. " 03/01/2009 - "CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that bariatric surgery has protective effect on oxidative protein damage and improves several laboratory parameters including serum lipid concentration and insulin resistance. " 03/01/2008 - "Short-term overfeeding induces insulin resistance in weight-stable patients after bariatric surgery." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 02/01/2001 - "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The usefulness of HOMA-IR and its relationship with insulin resistance assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study (clamp IR) were evaluated in 55 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes before and after treatment. " 06/01/2009 - "Some degree of insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA-IR was evident after treatment with 75 mg dose but not with the 25 or the 50 mg doses. " 10/01/2008 - "The reciprocal index of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment (2.06 +/- 0.26 mmol mU/LL) than after treatment (1.21 +/- 0.16 mmol mU/LL, P = .027). " 08/01/2006 - "Insulin resistance decreases during and after treatment in patients that achieved virus C clearance. " 02/01/2005 - "Then nerve function defect score and insulin resistance were observed before and after treatment. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) 10/01/2003 - "CONCLUSION: ROS improved insulin resistance in CAPD patients without diabetes. " 02/01/2003 - "Both CAPD and CCPD are shown to improve insulin resistance in uremic patients. " 01/01/2000 - "CONCLUSION: CAPD therapy, in spite of its possible adverse effects in patients with atherosclerotic disease, has been shown to improve insulin resistance in adult uraemic patients, similarly to HD therapy." 01/01/2000 - "The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different dialysis modalities, HD and CAPD, on insulin resistance in adult uraemic patients and to identify the possible predictive factors for changes in insulin resistance. " 01/01/2007 - "Icodextrine and insulin resistance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Liver Transplantation 03/15/2004 - "Hepatitis C virus is independently associated with increased insulin resistance after liver transplantation." 09/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether diabetes and insulin resistance influence postabsorptive energy homeostasis in these patients and whether liver transplantation (LTx) and immunosuppressive drugs affect these relations. " 03/01/2000 - "Liver transplantation, lessening insulin resistance, cured hepatogenous diabetes in 67% of cirrhotic-diabetic patients; nevertheless 33% were still diabetics because the persistence of a reduced beta-cell function, which makes these patients eventually eligible for combined islet transplantation." 06/01/2009 - "HOMA-IR is an important tool for the identification of insulin resistance among patients at risk for rapid fibrosis progression after liver transplantation for HCV." 02/01/2008 - "Insulin resistance, hepatitis C, and liver transplantation." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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