Inflammation

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76220 relevant articles (2791 outcomes, 7107 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Also Known As:

Inflammations

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Signs and Symptoms Pathological Conditions

Pathologic Processes: 2442

Inflammation: 76220

Acute-Phase Reaction: 2604

Suppuration: 1234

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: 1035

Neurogenic Inflammation: 780

Foreign-Body Reaction: 721

Seroma: 532

Serositis: 151

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma)
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
4.	Infection
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Serhan, Charles N: 17 articles (08/2008 - 01/2002)
2.	Gelfand, Erwin W: 16 articles (04/2008 - 07/2002)
3.	Cuzzocrea, Salvatore: 15 articles (02/2008 - 01/2002)
4.	Lindholm, Bengt: 14 articles (09/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Yoshikawa, Toshikazu: 14 articles (08/2008 - 07/2002)
6.	Yanagisawa, Rie: 14 articles (05/2008 - 01/2002)
7.	Thiemermann, Christoph: 14 articles (02/2008 - 01/2002)
8.	Takano, Hirohisa: 14 articles (11/2006 - 01/2002)
9.	Jilma, Bernd: 13 articles (02/2008 - 05/2002)
10.	Schiffrin, Ernesto L: 12 articles (08/2008 - 02/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Inflammation:

1.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 12/01/2007 - "These developments include the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the inflammatory changes in the sacroiliac joint and the axial spine, and the demonstration that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents are highly efficacious in reducing spinal inflammation and possibly in slowing radiographic progression.This" 02/01/2007 - "These developments include the use of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the inflammatory changes in the sacroiliac joint and the axial spine, and the demonstration that tumor necrosis factor blocking agents are highly efficacious in reducing spinal inflammation and possibly in slowing radiographic progression. " 01/01/2009 - "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a central regulator of inflammation, and TNF-alpha antagonists may be effective in treating inflammatory disorders in which TNF-alpha plays an important pathogenetic role. " 12/01/2007 - "DISCUSSION: TNF-alpha inhibitors may have a potent effect in reducing inflammation and possibly inducing remission where conventional disease modifying drugs have failed to do so. " 08/01/2003 - "In addition, there was a reduction in hepatic inflammation and improved organ blood flow, suggesting an important role for TNF-alpha in mediating the circulatory disturbances in AH." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/12/2009 - "Corticosteroids are highly effective in suppressing allergic inflammation, but their effects on GATA-3 are unknown. " 05/01/2001 - "While corticosteroids have proved most effective in modifying airway inflammation, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on increased airway mucosal vascularity in asthmatics has been little studied. " 01/01/2000 - "Corticosteroids actnonspecifically, but are highly effective in controlling the inflammation rapidly. " 08/01/1999 - "Although antiinflammatory therapy with corticosteroids decreases the intensity of the inflammation in association with improved clinical variables, the association is circumstantial and it is unclear which marker of inflammation correlates best with the severity of acute episodes or the severity of the disease in patients who are stable. " 05/01/1998 - "Corticosteroids have proven to be most effective in modifying airway inflammation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	CytokinesIBA 04/01/2008 - "The remarkable sensitivity of mebrofenin excretion to cytokines suggests that Tc-mebrofenin imaging will be helpful for assessing cytokine-mediated liver inflammation." 03/15/2001 - "CONCLUSION: Absence of significant changes in most of proinflammatory cytokines studied confirmed that SIRT is a reasonably safe and well-tolerated treatment with minimal side-effect from the point of view of cytokine-related inflammation. " 10/01/2009 - "Recent studies suggest that treatment with statins is associated with a significant and marked decrease in inflammation-associated variables such as cytokines. " 06/01/2008 - "Several cytokines could be identified as important regulators of the immune system during induction, progression and remission of ocular inflammation in animal models. " 10/01/2004 - "Animal models and, in particular, murine models of allergic airway disease have helped to reveal some of the potential underlying mechanisms and have played an important role in identifying the importance of T cells and TH2 cytokines in development of allergen-induced inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 11/19/1999 - "The bioactivity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to be dramatically reduced in fluids from sites of inflammation. " 06/01/2007 - "Increased vascular inflammation, including enhanced expression of interleukin- 6 (IL-6), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP- 1) are observed, as is a marked decrease in NO bioavailability. " 09/15/2007 - "In vivo studies in a murine inflammation model showed that neutrophil depletion resulted in reduced local sIL6R levels and a concomitant decrease in mononuclear cells, suggesting that apoptosis-induced IL6R shedding from neutrophils promotes IL6 trans-signaling and regulates the attraction of monocytic cells involved in the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils." 09/01/2008 - "The mechanism is possibly related with the improvement in the IL-6 level and hemodynamic indexes, which may promote the subsidence of inflammation of the nerve roots." 01/01/2005 - "Clinical improvement in these children was observed for up to eight weeks, supporting the hypothesis that IL-6 is a key cytokine in the upregulation of genes crucial in the inflammation processes of sJIA, and the possibility of sequestration of MRA in the extra-vascular compartment needs to be considered." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	AntigensIBA 05/22/2002 - "uberis (6 x His)GapC or CAMP-3 resulted in a significant reduction in inflammation on several days post-challenge, most significantly for the former antigen. " 12/01/1999 - "Such insights will be extremely beneficial in the development of novel approaches to the control of IBD-type inflammation, such as the use of anticytokine therapies and gene therapy, and finally, in the identification of the genetic abnormalities and the antigens driving the inflammation that underlies the human disease." 05/10/2001 - "Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages is important to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune responses against intracellular antigens. " 01/01/1977 - "The inhibition of the secondary reaction was greater than the decrease of the primary inflammation and was more effective when the first two periods (sensitization to antigen and production of immunocompetent cells) were blocked. " 01/01/2009 - "The balance between these cell subsets and their antigen expression would determine the inflammation levels and could thus be linked to the relapsing/remission periods of the disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)IBA 04/01/1998 - "Treatment with IL-10 resulted in a marked improvement in intestinal inflammation. " 02/01/2008 - "Treatment with allergen-modified-DC suppressed airway inflammation and Th2 responses, and increased IL-10 and IFN-gamma production and Foxp3(+) Tregs significantly; and eliminated the responses of CD4(+) T cells to allergen. " 01/01/2002 - "Fact, that IL-10 is produced by Th1 and that inhibits cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes has led to the concept that IL-10 might be beneficial in mitigating allergic inflammation. " 10/01/1999 - "In conclusion, reducing the inflammatory response to SCI by systemic administration of IL-10 resulted in a significant reduction in neuronal damage, suggesting that targeting injury-induced inflammation may be an effective treatment strategy for acute SCI." 01/01/2000 - "These findings indicate that exogenous IL-10 is effective in reducing airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity due to the inhalation of CDE." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "Pancreatic preservation is an important part of diabetes management that may occur with improved peripheral insulin sensitivity and attenuated low-grade adipose tissue inflammation. " 12/05/2003 - "Whether better management of chronic inflammation can improve insulin action is an important area of investigation. " 03/01/2008 - "CONCLUSIONS: In this population, a low-GI diet, which is high in dairy and fruit but low in potatoes and cereals, is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and reduced chronic inflammation. " 11/03/2009 - "Insulin resistant subjects exhibited alterations in skeletal muscle (e.g., glycolytic flux and intramuscular adipocytes) and adipose tissue (e.g., mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation) that improved relative to TZD-induced insulin sensitization. " 05/01/2009 - "CONCLUSIONS: The school-based fitness oriented curriculum resulted in improved body composition and insulin sensitivity, increased CVF, and decreased inflammation in non-obese children. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 01/01/1987 - "This index is an overall measure of the inflammation state, with which the levels of APRs are related; its usefulness can be found particularly during short-term trials on the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in chronic inflammatory diseases, when the most common and simple tests fail because of their latency times." 01/01/1987 - "The observation that some patients with chronic inflammatory arthropathies on treatment with NSAIDs undergo an impressive clinical remission together with the reduction of inflammation indices in plasma is sustained by many in vitro and in vivo experiences, where different NSAIDs have been found able to influence the behaviour of the immune system cells and of the para-immune one (PMNs and macrophages). " 08/21/2006 - "With increasing interest in alternatives to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the management of chronic inflammation, research is emerging on the use of food extracts. " 01/01/2008 - "Epidemiological studies, indicating that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the risk of developing AD, have encouraged the study on the role of inflammation in AD. " 01/01/2007 - "Thus, the present study suggests that this catanionic bioactive formulation could be a promising dermal delivery system for NSAIDs in the course of skin inflammation treatment." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 06/01/2009 - "Finally, indications suggest that the increased risk associated with inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and biomarkers may help to identify the individuals who would benefit most from these interventions." 05/01/2007 - "Moreover, several studies in different species have shown that limited energy intake is associated with less inflammation, improved biomarkers of health and a marked increase in longevity. " 04/01/2005 - "Both patients demonstrated rapid improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory markers of inflammation. " 12/01/2002 - "However, it is not clear whether inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) provide greater protection against specific surrogate markers of airways inflammation than other means. " 05/01/1995 - "Laboratory markers of inflammation also showed statistically significant change in favor of SSZ. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	CarrageenanIBA 10/01/2003 - "On the other hand, DhL inhibited both chronic and acute adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation phases, being most effective in the chronic phase. " 10/01/2003 - "Inhibitory effects of ACEA were significantly greater in rats with peripheral carrageenan inflammation than in noninflamed rats (P < 0.05). " 10/01/2003 - "After carrageenan inflammation, the lower dose of 100 microg 2-PMPA inhibited input, post-discharge, C- and Adelta-fibre-evoked responses by a significantly greater amount than the same dose in normal animals. " 01/16/1995 - "These results suggest that Fos-like immunoreactivity induced by carrageenin inflammation may be a very useful tool to study the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, at both peripheral and central levels of inflammation." 04/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of an aqueous extract (AE), and its butanolic (BuOH) and aqueous residual (AR) fractions, derived from the rhizome of Solidago chilensis in inflammation caused by carrageenan in mice. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 10/01/2009 - "There was a marked reduction in graft inflammation and injury and significantly improved 7-day survival in CR2-Crry-treated recipients of either lean or steatotic grafts. " 02/01/1990 - "The transplant showed excellent adaptation and the periapical inflammation noticed a few years after the operation was treated successfully with apicectomy." 01/01/2003 - "By contrast, the Ad-therapy group II showed less inflammation and improved graft histology and function if compared with the groups I and III. Moreover, significantly less infiltrating ED-1(+) macrophages and an improved histologic score even if compared with untreated controls (IV) was observed. " 09/01/2002 - "Although chronic inflammation of the aortic wall may result in late graft occlusion, surgical therapy is effective for short and mid-term clinical improvement." 04/01/2002 - "CONCLUSION: The AM graft is effective in promoting conjunctival reepithelialization and reducing scleral melting and inflammation and can be considered as an alternative biomaterial to improve wound healing in scleral and corneoscleral ulcerations." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/28/2001 - "Remission of ocular inflammation was evident within the first 24 h, and complete suppression was seen 7 days after treatment in all patients. " 03/01/2007 - "Interestingly, a significant reduction in B cell numbers at sites of inflammation was observed 4 weeks after treatment (median 26 cells/mm(2) [interquartile range 4-150] before treatment and 11 cells/mm(2) [interquartile range 0-29] after treatment; P < 0.02). " 08/01/2007 - "Ocular inflammation resolved and visual acuity improved in all patients after treatment. " 09/01/2005 - "Ocular inflammation decreased and visual acuity improved in all nine patients for whom follow-up was available after treatment. " 05/01/2002 - "After treatment with inhaled corticosteroid, Th2 cells decreased at week 24, but not week 4. Long-term therapy with inhaled steroid may thus be required for improvement in lymphocytic inflammation." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Immunotherapy 06/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Therapy with TNFr-Ig was safe and effective for treating patients with sight-threatening noninfectious posterior segment intraocular inflammation resistant to conventional immunotherapy, but adjuvant immunosuppression and repeat infusions would be required to maintain long-term remission." 10/01/2009 - "However, the efficacy of peptide immunotherapy generally wanes as beta cell autoimmunity progresses and islet inflammation increases. " 01/01/2004 - "Immunotherapy was initiated on day 70 postinfection and resulted in improved survival and reduced cardiac tissue inflammation. " 08/01/2003 - "Efficacy of local nasal immunotherapy for Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: Using Dp2 peptide and fungal immunomodulatory peptide." 11/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the clinical efficacy of a preseasonal rush sublingual-swallow immunotherapy and its effects on allergic inflammation in patients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Parietaria species. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Lasers (Laser) 03/01/1996 - "Three and 12 months after laser turbinectomy, we found a significant improvement of nasal flow (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and resistance (p < 0.1 and p < 0.01, respectively) with a tendency towards airway blockage in the long-term follow-up, but no changes in mediator levels of nasal lavages after allergen provocation, suggesting that laser turbinectomy has no effects on local allergic inflammation." 07/01/1995 - "Three and twelve months after laser turbinectomy, we found a significant improvement of nasal flow (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) and resistance (p < 0.01, p < 0.01) but no change of mediator levels in nasal lavage after allergen provocation, suggesting that laser turbinectomy has no effects on local allergic inflammation." 01/01/1994 - "The authors point to high efficacy of low-intensity He-Ne laser in moderate rheumatoid inflammation." 05/01/2003 - "RESULTS: Laser treatment of a subretinal exudate was helpful for the resolution of serous detachment and the prompt improvement of visual acuity, whereas systemic steroid therapy was effective for choroidal inflammation. " 09/01/2005 - "Clinical and experimental studies have shown that low-level laser irradiation reduces orthodontic post-adjustment inflammation. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 04/01/2008 - "Interestingly, whereas three-time application of MSC-CM was partially effective, transplantation of MSC achieved a better outcome in suppressing corneal inflammation. " 07/01/2009 - "The association of inflammation, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients has not been examined in a large prospective controlled trial. " 03/01/2008 - "In the present study, we were able to visualize intestinal GVHD-associated inflammation in an allogeneic murine transplantation model by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in vivo. " 08/01/2007 - "This may be attributed to the discrepancies in the methods of detection, study subject selection (early or late post transplantation), presence of inflammation, and false identification of infiltrating leukocytes. " 09/01/2005 - "The effects in clinical studies of UDCA on the endpoints "death" or "pre-transplantation survival" can only be shown when UDCA therapy is started in an early disease phase, preferably in stage I but no later than stage II, and is then continued into stages III/IV, or preferably stage IV. The reasons for this lie in the observation that, in stages I/II, no patient suffers from progressive disease that irrevocably leads to death or transplantation, while a measurable effect of UDCA, as is true for other drugs and other hepatic diseases, continues to dwindle and finally disappears as patients progress through the fibrotic and cirrhotic stages III and IV. Hence, administration of UDCA must begin in the phase of progressive inflammation (stages I and II) and the outcome documented after many years of long-term therapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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