Carcinogenesis

The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.

Also Known As:

Networked: 88694 relevant articles (1643 outcomes, 11179 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
3.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Colitis

Experts

1.	Zhang, Wei: 202 articles (08/2022 - 04/2002)
2.	Wang, Wei: 168 articles (11/2022 - 01/2002)
3.	Li, Wei: 161 articles (10/2022 - 01/2002)
4.	Wang, Lei: 150 articles (08/2022 - 06/2003)
5.	Li, Li: 139 articles (12/2022 - 05/2002)
6.	Li, Yan: 139 articles (08/2022 - 10/2002)
7.	Wang, Yan: 135 articles (11/2022 - 11/2002)
8.	Tanaka, Takuji: 135 articles (01/2022 - 01/2001)
9.	Wang, Jing: 124 articles (06/2022 - 10/2003)
10.	Liu, Yang: 115 articles (09/2022 - 01/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Carcinogenesis:

1.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 10/01/2019 - "Studies have revealed that genetic and functional aberrations of oncogenes, tumor‑suppressor genes, signaling pathways and receptors are among the most prominent events in pituitary tumorigenesis, and a potent biomarker would be helpful for early diagnosis, subsequent treatment and disease control. " 01/01/2019 - "This study identified four new biomarkers that are significantly associated with the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of PC, which may be helpful in studying the underlying mechanism of PC carcinogenesis. " 11/01/2013 - "As the prognosis has not improved significantly over the last 30 years and more than 30 % of patients still die of the disease a better understanding of the molecular tumorigenesis is urgently needed to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. " 08/07/2013 - "Global metabolomics analysis has the potential to uncover novel metabolic pathways that are differentially regulated during carcinogenesis, aiding in biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and remission monitoring. " 01/01/2019 - "This study offers new scientific evidence and basic data to elucidate the biological functions of ubiquitination in PAs, insights into its novel molecular mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis, and discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for effective treatment of PAs."
2.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/01/2016 - "Based on the scientific appraisal, we conclude that the POEet is having a potent antioxidant capacity; thereby it offers maximum protection against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis." 10/01/2001 - "Collectively, these results suggest that (i) oxidative damage contributes significantly to the spontaneous mutator phenotype in MMR-defective cells, (ii) this damage may select for MMR-deficient cells due to their increased resistance to cell killing and (iii) dietary antioxidants may help to suppress the mutator phenotype and resulting carcinogenesis in individuals with compromised MMR." 10/01/2018 - "Long coveted for their powerful antioxidant properties, more recent studies have demonstrated that blueberries also exhibit inherent abilities to prevent carcinogenesis, inhibit the proliferation of neoplastic cells, and reduce the risks of recurrence in patients in remission. " 07/01/2010 - "Although some human and animal studies show protection against carcinogenesis with the consumption of higher amounts of antioxidants, many studies show no effect or an enhancement of carcinogenesis. " 01/01/2022 - "These data suggest that TQ may be effective in preventing bladder carcinogenesis, and the suggested mechanisms might be related to antioxidant, prooxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of TQ."
3.	CarcinogensIBA 01/01/2020 - "Mouse mammary organ culture (MMOC) is used to evaluate the efficacy of chemopreventive agents against the development of carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions and is highly correlative to in vivo carcinogenesis models. " 11/01/2000 - "The exposure to the carcinogen and the consequential carcinogenesis resulted in splenic changes that reflected the insufficiency of the immune response, as manifested in significant reduction of the white pulp and the simultaneous expansion of the red pulp. " 03/01/2007 - "Previous studies have shown that SFN is effective in preventing carcinogenesis induced by carcinogens in rodents. " 12/01/2006 - "Previous studies have shown that SFN is effective in preventing carcinogenesis induced by carcinogens in rodents. " 04/01/2007 - "Although a dose-dependent response was not observed, FBRA is effective in suppressing the development of 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis by its concurrent exposure to the carcinogen. "
4.	EnzymesIBA 11/01/2003 - "The marked induction of NQO1 and GST in the ACI rat indicates a potential for this strain to be used as a model to study the E2-mediated modulation of these enzymes in tissues that are either sensitive to E2 carcinogenesis or to its protective effects." 06/15/2009 - "It has been widely recognized that induction of Phase 2 enzymes is an effective and sufficient strategy for achieving protection against carcinogenesis. " 12/01/2000 - "The data obtained may prove to be very useful for epidemiological studies on the influence of genetic polymorphisms of biotransformation enzymes on carcinogenesis or other environment-related diseases." 09/01/2020 - "Not only is it involved in lubrication, cell surface hydration, and protection against degrading enzymes, MUC1 also promotes abnormal cellular signalling, angiogenesis, anti-adhesion and tumorigenesis. " 03/09/2005 - "Grapefruit and oroblanco enhance hepatic detoxification enzymes in rats: possible role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis."
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 06/01/2002 - "DNA repair/pro-apoptotic dual-role proteins in five major DNA repair pathways: fail-safe protection against carcinogenesis." 01/01/2016 - "Advances in molecular and genomics techniques continued and the study of epigenetics began to expand and helped reshape the view that drivers of tumorigenesis extended beyond mutations in protein-coding genes. " 01/01/2022 - "As such, identifying small molecule inhibitors to disrupt the protein-protein interaction between mutant p53 and DNAJA1 may lead to an effective treatment for preventing carcinogenesis. " 12/01/2017 - "The capability of H. pylori to induce apoptosis and suppress expression of proteins having roles in human disease in the absence of oipA suggests that strains not expressing OipA may be less virulent or may even be protective against carcinogenesis compared those expressing OipA. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study suggests that probiotics can provide protection against oxidative stress and apoptotic-related protein disregulation during experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis."
6.	anthraceneIBA 03/01/2010 - "This study evaluated the in vivo efficacy of CGT in preventing 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha) anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in the hamster. " 01/01/1991 - "In this study, we show that oral feeding of GL to Sencar mice resulted in substantial protection against skin tumorigenesis caused by 7,12-dimethyl-benz [a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. " 02/01/2018 - "However, the preventive efficacy of [6]-SHO in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBP) has not been fully elucidated, so far. " 01/01/2012 - "Chemopreventive efficacy of Moringa oleifera pods against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice." 06/01/2000 - "Pregnancy is known to provide protection against 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-(DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. "
7.	TeaIBA 01/01/1998 - "The results showed that the six kinds of tea ingredients tested were effective in the test involved in different stages of carcinogenesis, i.e. " 08/01/2008 - "This is the first demonstration that maternal ingestion of green tea, during pregnancy and nursing, provides protection against transplacental carcinogenesis." 02/01/1999 - "In several mouse skin models, topical application as well as oral consumption of green tea has been shown to afford protection against chemical and UVB-induced carcinogenesis and inflammatory responses. " 01/01/2021 - "Several studies have identified components in tea that can directly or indirectly reduce carcinogenesis with some being used in a clinical setting. " 01/01/2019 - "In terms of tumorigenesis, the systemic study of the physiological effect of specific fraction of dark tea and the relevant molecular mechanism warrant more attention. "
8.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Taken together, these results demonstrate the outstanding efficacy of kava in preventing NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with high selectivity for the initiation stage in association with the reduction of O(6)-mG adduct in DNA. " 12/20/2019 - "Indeed, improved methods to study DNA methylation patterning and dynamics at base pair resolution and across individual DNA molecules on a genome-wide scale has highlighted the scope of change to the DNA methylation landscape in disease states, particularly during tumorigenesis. " 02/01/2021 - "On one hand, the clearance of damaged DNA or nuclear structures via autophagic pathway is crucial to maintain nuclear integrity and prevent tumorigenesis. " 01/01/2009 - "Molecular tests based on detection of hr-HPV or DNA changes occurring early in cervical carcinogenesis might improve the efficacy of the screening, which in the Netherlands is currently done by Pap smear. " 09/23/2023 - "This study indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) structure features play an important role in the DNA-specific recognition mechanism by c-Myb besides the AACNG consensuses, which is beneficial to understanding the cell early differentiation and proliferation regulated by c-Myb, as well as the prediction of novel c-Myb-binding motifs in tumorigenesis. "
9.	AzoxymethaneIBA 05/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative and protective effects of the brown seaweeds, Turbinaria ornata and Padina pavonia, against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of the present study was to examine in vivo protective effects of ZSC water extract on colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. " 01/01/2010 - "Intestinal tumorigenesis increased after administration of azoxymethane to Gucy2c(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, but was eliminated in Gucy2c(-/-)Akt1(-/-) mice. " 05/01/2001 - "We also assessed its maximum tolerated dose and examined its chemopreventive efficacy against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. " 01/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of Urtica dioica seed (UDS) extract against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. "
10.	CurcuminIBA 07/07/2006 - "Curcumin has also been shown to be beneficial in all 3 stages of carcinogenesis. " 06/01/1998 - "The genetic changes in carcinogenesis in these organs involve different genes, but curcumin is effective in preventing carcinogenesis in both organs. " 04/20/2018 - "To conclude, curcumin might exert its protective effects against HCC tumorigenesis by downregulating LEF1 and downregulating CTGF regulated by MIR-19A and upregulating CDKN1A expression." 04/01/2014 - "Recently, we developed polymeric curcumin implants that circumvent oral bioavailability issues, and tested their potential against 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. " 05/01/2009 - "Newly synthesized curcumin analog has improved potential to prevent colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 12/01/2012 - " the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerned two patients with CCM in a family, and the findings in this article suggest that CKS is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for residual CCM after operation and NF2 gene mutation plays a role in tumorigenesis of pediatric intracranial CCM." 04/15/2021 - "In conclusion, a bioinformatic platform of gene-set integrative molecular functionomes and biophysiological pathways was constructed in this study to interpret the complicated pathogenic pathways of BOTs, and these important findings demonstrated the dysregulated immunological functionome and dysfunctional metabolic pathway as potential roles during the tumorigenesis of BOTs and may be helpful for the diagnosis and therapy of BOTs in the future." 01/01/2023 - "With the advancement of improved cellular manufacturing methods, novel cellular engineering strategies, precision genome editing technologies, and combination therapy approaches, we firmly believe that CAR-T cells will soon become an off-the-shelf, cost-effective, and potentially curative therapy for oncogenesis." 03/01/2010 - "Although PELP1 is important for normal functions of the ER, the possibility to target ER-PELP1 axis appears to be an effective strategy for preventing hormonal carcinogenesis and therapy resistance. " 12/01/2007 - "A comprehensive molecular understanding of the regulatory modules involved in carcinogenesis should also be important for improved identification of therapeutic targets and thus for future individualized therapy, e.g., by allowing therapeutic synergy when designing combination therapy against vulnerable points in the malignant cells. "
2.	Chemoprevention 01/01/2010 - "In summary, our study demonstrates that RV is effective in the chemoprevention of DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis and when it is complexed with HPbetaCDs its efficacy is significantly improved." 09/01/1999 - "Both SaA and EGCG provided significant protection against the induction of genetic damage in these cells and may prove useful in the chemoprevention of tobacco-induced carcinogenesis." 08/01/1998 - "Because of the high mortality and potentially disfiguring treatment, today's efforts are aimed at eliminating risk factors, chemoprophylaxis, improvement in diagnostic procedures, and understanding of the genetic mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis. " 03/01/2012 - "This study suggests that FO+CO(2.5 : 1) is more effective in chemoprevention of experimental colon carcinogenesis." 07/01/2022 - "Therefore, the study clearly revealed that AKBA by containing oxidative stress shall prove to be quite effective in providing chemoprevention against BaP induced lung carcinogenesis."
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this review is to give an overview of the molecular mechanisms of OSA tumorigenesis, OSA cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and chemotherapy resistance, and how improved understanding might contribute to designing a better treatment target for OSA. " 09/10/2010 - "Although further functional studies are necessary to confirm its repressor activity towards BRCA1, the elucidation of the role of BP1 in breast tumorigenesis holds great promise in establishing BP1 as a novel target for drug therapy." 01/01/2019 - "Dysregulation of apoptosis promotes tumorigenesis and limits the efficacy of chemotherapy. " 04/01/2015 - "Therefore, our findings demonstrate that developed NPs formulation could be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy by exerting chemo-preventive effects against induced carcinogenesis at lower dosages." 10/01/2013 - "Oncogenic products represent reliable targets for drug therapy and the expanding knowledge of molecular pathways involved in lung tumorigenesis is resulting in a dramatic change of treatment strategies leading to an improvement in disease and symptom control, extending life duration and improving quality of life."
4.	Immunotherapy 01/01/2019 - "In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on neutrophils heterogeneity across different tissues and their impact on tumorigenesis, as well as neutrophil-based therapeutic strategies that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, paving the way for the design of neutrophil-based next generation immunotherapy." 07/10/2019 - "This study provides new targets for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for early stage of tumorigenesis." 01/01/2023 - "Tumour immune microenvironment is related with carcinogenesis and efficacy of immunotherapy. " 06/08/2022 - "In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of JMJD2D in promoting the progression of CRC and HCC as well as the constructive role of its targeting inhibitors in suppressing tumorigenesis and synergistically enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy." 01/01/2018 - "Targeting the microbiome protects against oncogenesis, reverses intratumoral immune tolerance, and enables efficacy for checkpoint-based immunotherapy. "
5.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2021 - "In conclusion, CTNNB1 mutations and a chr6 copy number loss are likely the causative mutations underlying the tumorigenesis of DT while the gene expression profiles may help to differentiate patients who would be good candidates for wait-and-see management and those who might benefit from additional systemic or radiation therapies." 01/01/2015 - "Finally, the in vivo delivery of PU-PEI-NLS-Let-7a significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of AA-SP(+) cells and synergistically improved the survival rate of orthotopically AA-SP(+)-transplanted immunocompromised mice when combined with radiotherapy. " 06/01/2016 - "Surgical excision remains the treatment gold standard; while radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapeutic agents have only shown limited efficacy, further understanding of the molecular events underlying tumorigenesis may allow the development of novel targeted treatments. " 01/01/2019 - "This work gives a biological basis for improved risk assessment to minimize carcinogenesis as a secondary disease after radiation therapy." 05/01/2015 - "To address this question, we utilized a syngeneic orthotopic murine model of mammary carcinogenesis to investigate if response to radiotherapy could be improved when select immune cells or immune-based pathways in the mammary microenvironment were inhibited. "