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Mucosal immunization with dual influenza/COVID-19 single-replication virus vector protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mucosal vaccines as breakthrough infections, short-lived immune responses and emergence of new variants have challenged the efficacy provided by the first generation of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 viruses. M2SR SARS-CoV-2, an M2-deleted single-replication influenza virus vector modified to encode the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, was evaluated following intranasal delivery in a hamster challenge model for protection against Wuhan SARS-CoV-2. An adjuvanted inactivated SARS-CoV-2 whole virus vaccine administered intramuscularly was also evaluated. The intranasal M2SR SARS-CoV-2 was more effective than the intramuscular adjuvanted inactivated whole virus vaccine in providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. M2SR SARS-CoV-2 elicited neutralizing serum antibodies against Wuhan and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 viruses in addition to cross-reactive mucosal antibodies. Furthermore, M2SR SARS-CoV-2 generated serum HAI and mucosal antibody responses against influenza similar to an H3N2 M2SR influenza vaccine. The intranasal dual influenza/COVID M2SR SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has the potential to provide protection against both influenza and COVID.
AuthorsLindsay Hill-Batorski, Richard Bowen, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Michael J Moser, Sarah M Matejka, David Marshall, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Gabriele Neumann, Pamuk Bilsel
JournalVaccine (Vaccine) Vol. 42 Issue 11 Pg. 2770-2780 (Apr 19 2024) ISSN: 1873-2518 [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID38508930 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Chemical References
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
Topics
  • Humans
  • Cricetinae
  • Influenza, Human (prevention & control)
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections (prevention & control)
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
  • Pandemics (prevention & control)
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • COVID-19 (prevention & control)
  • Vaccination
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic

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