Different Types of Industry-Produced and Ruminant Trans Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The deleterious effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on cardiovascular health are well established; however, their impact on type 2 diabetes remains poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the impact of specific TFA types on type 2 diabetes etiology. We aimed to explore the associations between different types of TFAs (total, ruminant, industry produced [iTFAs], and corresponding specific isomers) and risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:

A total of 105,551 participants age >18 years from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2021) were included (mean baseline age 42.7 years; SD 14.6 years); 79.2% were women. Dietary intake data, including usual TFA intake, were collected using repeated 24-h dietary records (n = 5.7; SD 3.1). Associations between sex-specific quartile of dietary TFAs and diabetes risk were assessed using multivariable Cox models.

RESULTS:

Total TFA intake was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR]quartile 4 vs. 1 1.38; 95% CI 1.11-1.73; Ptrend < 0.001; n = 969 incident cases). This association, specifically observed for iTFAs (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15-1.83; Ptrend < 0.001), was mainly driven by elaidic acid (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.09-1.72; Ptrend < 0.001) and linolelaidic acid (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.58; Ptrend = 0.07). In contrast, ruminant TFAs were not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this large prospective cohort, higher intakes of total and iTFAs were associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. These findings support the World Health Organization's recommendation to eliminate iTFAs from the food supply worldwide. Consumers should be advised to limit the consumption of food products containing partially hydrogenated oils (main vector of iTFAs). This may contribute to lowering the substantial global burden of type 2 diabetes.

• Authors: Gaëlle Wendeu-Foyet, Alice Bellicha, Véronique Chajès, Inge Huybrechts, Jean-Marie Bard, Charlotte Debras, Bernard Srour, Laury Sellem, Léopold K Fezeu, Chantal Julia, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Cédric Agaësse, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mathilde Touvier
• Journal: Diabetes care (Diabetes Care) Vol. 46 Issue 2 Pg. 321-330 (02 01 2023) ISSN: 1935-5548 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 36542554 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2023 by the American Diabetes Association.

Chemical References

• Trans Fatty Acids

Topics

• Male
• Humans
• Female
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Animals
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (epidemiology, etiology)
• Trans Fatty Acids (adverse effects)
• Risk Factors
• Prospective Studies
• Ruminants