Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants.

Abstract

This is a comprehensive report on immunogenicity of COVAXIN® booster dose against ancestral and Variants of Concern (VOCs) up to 12 months. It is well known that neutralizing antibodies induced by COVID-19 vaccines wane within 6 months of vaccination leading to questions on the effectiveness of two-dose vaccination against breakthrough infections. Therefore, we assessed the persistence of immunogenicity up to 6 months after a two or three-dose with BBV152 and the safety of a booster dose in an ongoing phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04471519). We report persistence of humoral and cell mediated immunity up to 12 months of vaccination, despite decline in the magnitude of antibody titers. Administration of a third dose of BBV152 increased neutralization titers against both homologous (D614G) and heterologous strains (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Delta Plus and Omicron) with a slight increase in B cell memory responses. Thus, seronversion rate remain high in boosted recipients compared to non-booster, even after 6 months, post third dose against variants. No serious adverse events observed, except pain at the injection site, itching and redness. Hence, these results indicate that a booster dose of BBV152 is safe and necessary to ensure persistent immunity to minimize breakthrough infections of COVID-19, due to newly emerging variants.Trial registration: Registered with the Clinical Trials Registry (India) No. CTRI/2021/04/032942, dated 19/04/2021 and on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04471519.

• Authors: Krishna Mohan Vadrevu, Brunda Ganneru, Siddharth Reddy, Harsh Jogdand, Dugyala Raju, Gajanan Sapkal, Pragya Yadav, Prabhakar Reddy, Savita Verma, Chandramani Singh, Sagar Vivek Redkar, Chandra Sekhar Gillurkar, Jitendra Singh Kushwaha, Satyajit Mohapatra, Amit Bhate, Sanjay Kumar Rai, Raches Ella, Priya Abraham, Sai Prasad, Krishna Ella
• Journal: Scientific reports (Sci Rep) Vol. 12 Issue 1 Pg. 12038 (07 14 2022) ISSN: 2045-2322 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 35835822 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase II, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)
• Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Vaccines, Inactivated

Topics

• Antibodies, Neutralizing
• Antibodies, Viral
• COVID-19 (prevention & control)
• COVID-19 Vaccines (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Cellular
• Immunity, Humoral
• Immunization, Secondary
• Immunogenicity, Vaccine
• SARS-CoV-2
• Vaccination
• Vaccines, Inactivated