Gestational Diabetes, Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes, and Food Security Status: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Despite many studies linking various risk factors to the association between gestational diabetes and subsequent type 2 diabetes, little is known about how food insecurity affects their association. We aimed to assess how the association between gestational diabetes and subsequent type 2 diabetes varies by food security status among women in the US.

METHODS:

This study is a secondary data analysis of 9,505 US women aged 20 years or older who had at least 1 live birth; we used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 through 2018. The main outcome was a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in the subsequent years after the first live birth. We used multivariable survey-weighted negative binomial regressions to examine whether the association between gestational diabetes and subsequent type 2 diabetes differed by food security status, with and without adjusting for health behavior factors.

RESULTS:

Gestational diabetes was significantly associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.57; 95% CI, 2.45-2.69). The association between gestational diabetes and subsequent type 2 diabetes was significantly different by food security status (IRR, 2.34; 95% CI, 2.23-2.45 among food-secure women; IRR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.70-3.28 among food-insecure women).

CONCLUSION:

The association between gestational diabetes and subsequent type 2 diabetes differs significantly by food security status. Public health and health care practitioners should consider food security status when designing and implementing diabetes prevention interventions for women with a history of gestational diabetes.

• Authors: Lihua Li, Jiayi Ji, Yan Li, Yuanhui Jasmine Huang, Jee-Young Moon, Ryung S Kim
• Journal: Preventing chronic disease (Prev Chronic Dis) Vol. 19 Pg. E42 (07 14 2022) ISSN: 1545-1151 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35834736 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Topics

• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (epidemiology)
• Diabetes, Gestational (epidemiology)
• Female
• Food Security
• Food Supply
• Humans
• Nutrition Surveys
• Pregnancy