The dormancy survival regulator (DosR)
antigens upgraded during latency and
resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) expressed over the reactivation from dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.
tuberculosis) could be used to diagnose
tuberculosis (TB) at different stages. We performed a retrospective cohort study based on four groups, including healthy controls (HCs), active
tuberculosis infections (ATBs),
latent tuberculosis infections (LTBIs), and relapse
tuberculosis infections (RTBs) enrolled between November 2020 and June 2021. Compared to the fusion
protein E6-C10, combined with early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate of 10 kDa (CFP-10), the DosR- or Rpf-encoded
antigens could not elicit significant IFN-γ concentration for the diagnosis of ATB. Of note, the DosR
antigens produce significantly more
antigen-specific IFN-γ in LTBIs than Rpfs, and the levels of
antigen-specific IFN-γ elicited in RTBs stimulated by Rpfs were higher than the DosR
antigens. Among the DosR
antigens, Rv2003c was the most immunogenic in diagnosing LTBIs, followed by Rv2007c and Rv2005c. As far as Rpfs are concerned, Rv0867c was the best
antigen to identify RTBs, followed by Rv2389c and Rv1009. Both Rv2450c and Rv1884c showed relatively limited IFN-γ concentration in RTBs. Besides, the selected DosR
antigens and Rpfs showed ideal specificity and inadequate sensitivity, which could have been enhanced by the fusion
antigens prepared by the DosR
antigens or Rpfs, respectively. The results of this study can provide more accurate detection methods for LTBIs and RTBs and could be used for screening the dormant M.
tuberculosis throughout reactivation.