Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic
drug used to treat
cancer; however, it has severe side effects. Therefore, we evaluated the anticancer potency of
balanitoside, a
folk medicine isolated from the edible fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca, using a mouse model of
lung cancer induced by
Urethane/
butylated hydroxytoluene, either alone or in combination with
gemcitabine. The results indicated that
balanitoside, when administered alone or in combination with
gemcitabine, exhibited antitumor activity against
lung cancer by reducing
tumor incidence, multiplicity, and average
tumor size. It also decreased the proliferation of
tumor cells, induced apoptosis, triggered cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and caused a marked reduction in cancer stem cell markers,
aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1) levels, and the CD133 (+ve) cell population.
Balanitoside also modulated the levels of oxidative stress markers in lung tissues. The results indicate that
balanitoside enhances the antitumor activity of
gemcitabine and may represent a natural adjuvant medication for
lung cancer.