Rare manifestation of ocular immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome from mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection in a patient with AIDS.

Abstract

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The most commonly associated pathogens include Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus spp.[1] IRIS following nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) infection is uncommon, particularly, IRIS following NTM conjunctivitis.[2] Herein, we present a case of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum conjunctivitis with peripheral ulcerative keratitis and orbital cellulitis in a 45-year-old patient with AIDS who developed IRIS 1 month after starting ART therapy. A combination of both systemic and topical antibiotics together with corticosteroids were used and resulted in a satisfactory outcome with no early recurrence. This case demonstrated a rare ocular IRIS manifestation involving both the external eye and orbit and to the author's knowledge is the first case in the literature in which M. scrofulaceum has been found to be involved in the eye.

• Authors: Thanin Jiamjunkupt, Nathamon Sasiprapha, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Raveewan Choontanom, Wiwan Sansanayudh
• Journal: International journal of mycobacteriology (Int J Mycobacteriol) 2021 Apr-Jun Vol. 10 Issue 2 Pg. 202-205 ISSN: 2212-554X [Electronic] India
• PMID: 34558476 (Publication Type: Case Reports)

Topics

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications)
• HIV Infections (complications, drug therapy)
• Humans
• Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (complications)
• Middle Aged
• Mycobacterium Infections
• Mycobacterium scrofulaceum