IgG Antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 Load, and Prognostic Indicators in Patients with Severe and Mild COVID-19 in Japan.

Abstract

We assessed the association of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) load, IgG antibody level, and prognostic indicators.Twenty-one patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were classified as having severe or mild disease on the basis of average respiratory rate during hospitalization (severe: ≥22 breaths/min; mild: <22 breaths/min). Viral load in nasopharyngeal samples, blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, and D-dimer on admission and plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) index on Day 7±2 after symptom onset were compared in relation to disease severity. Seven patients had severe disease and 14 had mild disease. Those with severe disease had a significantly higher IgG index (median: 3.75 vs 0.56, p=0.01) and CRP (median: 8.6 vs 1.0 mg/dL, p<0.001) and D-dimer levels (median: 1.65 vs 0.75 μg/mL; p=0.002) and a significantly lower lymphocyte count (median: 1,176 vs 666 cells/μL, p=0.005) and viral load (median: 8.7×106 vs 2.3×104 copies/mL, p=0.005). Furthermore, time from symptom onset to virus disappearance was significantly longer in severe patients (median: 24 vs 17 days, p=0.03). A high IgG index in the early phase of the disease was associated with severe disease and might serve as a prognostic indicator.

• Authors: Katsuhito Kashiwagi, Tadashi Maeda, Sadako Yoshizawa, Takahiro Sato, Kotaro Aoki, Yoshikazu Ishii, Kazuhiro Tateda
• Journal: Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi (J Nippon Med Sch) Vol. 88 Issue 4 Pg. 380-383 (Sep 01 2021) ISSN: 1347-3409 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 33250476 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Viral
• Biomarkers
• Immunoglobulin G

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Antibodies, Viral (blood)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• COVID-19 (blood, diagnosis, therapy, virology)
• COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing
• COVID-19 Serological Testing
• Female
• Hospitalization
• Host-Pathogen Interactions
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin G (blood)
• Japan
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Prognosis
• SARS-CoV-2 (genetics, immunology, pathogenicity)
• Severity of Illness Index
• Time Factors
• Viral Load
• COVID-19 Drug Treatment