Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of
cancer death in women aged 20-39 years.
Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of
cervical cancer. Three HPVs
vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The
nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and
secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common
cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or
radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern
chemotherapy and disseminated
carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in
immunotherapy as a strategy to fight
tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the
HPV vaccine and
immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.