Effects of virtual reality on relieving postoperative pain in surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative pain is a prevalent problem leading to many adverse outcomes in surgical patients. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological method of postoperative pain relief, but the effects of it are not clear. This review aimed to explore the effects of VR on relieving postoperative pain.

METHODS:

Studies published up to November 2019 were identified by searching the PubMed (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, and other databases. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare VR and usual care for relieving postoperative pain. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explain the heterogeneity.

RESULTS:

Overall, 8 randomized control trials (RCTs) enrolling 723 participants were included. Our results demonstrated that the patients receiving the VR intervention had lower postoperative pain scores than those receiving the usual care (mean difference [MD] -0.64; 95% CI -1.05 to -0.22; P = 0.002). One subgroup analysis revealed that VR could relieve postoperative pain both in minor surgery (MD -1.48; 95% CI -2.02 to -0.95; P < 0.0001) and major surgery (MD -0.32; 95% CI -0.53 to -0.11; P < 0.03). Another subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative pain among patients receiving VR during the intraoperative (MD -1.51; 95% CI -2.04 to -0.97; P < 0.00001) and the postoperative periods (MD -0.50; 95% CI -0.76 to -0.24; P = 0.002). However, there was no significant postoperative pain relief when receiving VR during the preoperative period. Additionally, significant improvements in postoperative satisfaction were reported in two studies. However, another two studies included found that VR could not affect physiological parameters related to pain.

CONCLUSIONS:

Applying VR can relieve postoperative pain effectively. The type of surgery and timing of using VR are the main sources of heterogeneity. More rigorous studies about the relationship between VR and postoperative pain relief will be needed.

• Authors: Lingyu Ding, Hongxia Hua, Hanfei Zhu, Shuqin Zhu, Jinling Lu, Kang Zhao, Qin Xu
• Journal: International journal of surgery (London, England) (Int J Surg) Vol. 82 Pg. 87-94 (Oct 2020) ISSN: 1743-9159 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 32882400 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Systematic Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pain Management (methods, psychology)
• Pain Measurement
• Pain, Postoperative (psychology, therapy)
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Treatment Outcome
• Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (methods)