The effects of ginsenosides on platelet aggregation and vascular intima in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.

Abstract

Thrombosis initiated by abnormal platelet aggregation is a pivotal pathological event that precedes most cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, growing evidence indicates that platelet could be a potential target for CVD prevention. However, as the conventional antithrombotic management strategy, applications of current antiplatelet agents are somewhat limited by their various side effects, such as bleeding risk and drug resistance. Hence, efforts have been made to search for agents as complementary therapies. Ginsenoside, the principal active component extracted from Panax ginseng, has gained much attention for its regulations on multiple crucial events of platelet aggregation. From structural characteristics to clinical applications, this review anatomized the intrinsic structure-function relationship of antiplatelet potency of ginsenosides, and the involved signal pathways were specifically summarized. Additionally, the emphasis was placed on clinical studies that investigate the antithrombotic efficacy of ginsenosides in the treatment of CVD. Further, a broad overview of approaches for improving the bioavailability of ginsenosides was concluded. Limitations and prospects of current studies were also discussed. This study may provide some new insights into the systematic understanding of ginsenosides in CVD treatment and lay a foundation for future research.

• Authors: Bang-Yue Luo, Jia-Li Jiang, Yi-Fan Fang, Fang Yang, Meng-Die Yin, Bing-Chen Zhang, Rui-Rui Zhao, Jing-Wei Shao
• Journal: Pharmacological research (Pharmacol Res) Vol. 159 Pg. 105031 (09 2020) ISSN: 1096-1186 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 32562816 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Cardiovascular Agents
• Ginsenosides
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Topics

• Animals
• Biological Availability
• Blood Platelets (drug effects, metabolism)
• Cardiovascular Agents (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (blood, drug therapy, pathology)
• Ginsenosides (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Molecular Structure
• Muscle, Smooth, Vascular (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Neointima
• Platelet Aggregation (drug effects)
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
• Signal Transduction
• Structure-Activity Relationship
• Vascular Remodeling (drug effects)