Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins are Able to Reverse Intestinal Dysfunction and Metabolic Endotoxemia Induced by a Cafeteria Diet in Wistar Rats.

Abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological doses of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in reversing intestinal barrier alterations and local inflammation in female Wistar rats fed a long-term obesogenic diet. Animals were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF diet), supplemented with daily GSPE doses (100 or 500 mg kg-1 body weight) during the final two weeks. CAF diet enhanced the intestinal permeation of an orally administered marker (ovalbumin, OVA) and increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in 2-3-fold. Ex vivo Ussing chamber assays showed a 55-70% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the TNF-α secretions in both small and large intestinal sections with a 25-fold increment in the ileum. Ileal tissues also presented a 4-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both GSPE-treatments were able to restitute TEER values in the ileum and colon and to reduce plasma LPS to basal levels without a dose-dependent effect. However, effects on the OVA permeation and TNF-α secretion were dose and section-specific. GSPE also reduced ileal MPO activity and upregulated claudin 1 gene expression. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of GSPE-supplementation ameliorating diet-induced intestinal dysfunction and metabolic endotoxemia when administered at the end of a long-term obesogenic diet.

• Authors: Carlos González-Quilen, Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Iris Ginés, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Montserrat Pinent, Anna Ardévol, Ximena Terra, M Teresa Blay
• Journal: Nutrients (Nutrients) Vol. 11 Issue 5 (Apr 29 2019) ISSN: 2072-6643 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 31035432 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Proanthocyanidins

Topics

• Animals
• Diet
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Endotoxemia (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Female
• Intestinal Diseases (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Proanthocyanidins (administration & dosage, chemistry, pharmacology)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Seeds (chemistry)
• Vitis (chemistry)