The Efficacy of Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab')2 Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Latrodectism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial.

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE:

The antivenom currently available for treatment of systemic black widow envenomation (latrodectism) is composed of equine whole immunoglobin. Although considered effective, it has been associated with anaphylaxis and 2 reported fatalities. We test the efficacy and safety of new equine antivenom composed of purified F(ab')2 antibody fragments.

METHODS:

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 16 sites across the United States. Subjects aged 10 years or older with moderate to severe pain because of black widow spider envenomation received F(ab')2 antivenom or placebo. The primary outcome measure was treatment failure, which was defined as failure to achieve and maintain clinically significant reduction in pain for 48 hours posttreatment. Secondary measures of pain intensity differences and summed pain intensity difference were computed. Adverse events were recorded.

RESULTS:

Sixty patients were treated (29 antivenom and 31 placebo). The mean age was 39 years and 68% were male. There were 15 treatment failures in the antivenom group and 24 in the placebo group (P=.019). Differences in pain intensity difference between groups were lower at each postbaseline point, and the mean summed pain intensity difference was greater for the antivenom group (difference 2,133; 95% confidence interval 177 to 4,090). No deaths or serious drug-related adverse events were detected.

CONCLUSION:

The F(ab')2 antivenom met the predefined primary outcome of reduced treatment failures. Secondary outcomes of pain intensity difference and summed pain intensity difference also supported efficacy. The rate of symptom improvement in the placebo group was higher than expected, which may be related to enrollment criteria or placebo effect.

• Authors: Richard C Dart, Sean P Bush, Kennon Heard, Thomas C Arnold, Mark Sutter, Danielle Campagne, Christopher P Holstege, Steven A Seifert, Jean C Y Lo, Dan Quan, Stephen Borron, David A Meurer, Randy I Burnham, Jude McNally, Walter Garcia-Ubbelohde, Victoria E Anderson
• Journal: Annals of emergency medicine (Ann Emerg Med) Vol. 74 Issue 3 Pg. 439-449 (09 2019) ISSN: 1097-6760 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 30926190 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antivenins
• Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
• Immunologic Factors
• Spider Venoms
• black widow spider venom

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Animals
• Antivenins (therapeutic use)
• Black Widow Spider
• Child
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments (therapeutic use)
• Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pain (drug therapy)
• Pain Measurement
• Spider Bites (drug therapy)
• Spider Venoms (poisoning)
• Young Adult