Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (
DEHP) has been considered as an
estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist due to its ability to interact with ERα and promote the cell proliferation of ERα-positive
breast cancer cells. The impact of
DEHP on the chemical
therapy in
breast cancer is little known. Two
breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (ERα-dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (ERα-independent) were examined. We found that
DEHP impaired the effectiveness of
camptothecin (
CPT) and alleviated the
CPT-induced formation of
reactive oxygen species in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells, but not in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells.
DEHP also significantly protected MCF-7 cells against the genotoxicity of
CPT. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling revealed that after 48 hours of exposure to 100 μM
DEHP, MCF-7 cells exhibited a significant change in their DNA methylation pattern, including hypermethylation of 700 genes and hypomethylation of 221 genes. The impaired therapeutic response to
CPT in
DEHP-exposed MCF-7 cells is probably mediated by epigenetic changes, especially through Wnt/β-
catenin signaling. A zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the disruptive effect of
DEHP on
CPT-induced anti-growth of MCF-7 cells. In summary,
DEHP exposure induces acquired
CPT-resistance in
breast cancer cells and epigenetic changes associated with Wnt/β-
catenin signaling activation are probably depending on an ER-positive status.