Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of variants in PDE4D/PRKAR1A: from acrodysostosis to acroscyphodysplasia.

Abstract

Acrodysostosis (MIM 101800) is a dominantly inherited condition associating (1) skeletal features (short stature, facial dysostosis, and brachydactyly with cone-shaped epiphyses), (2) resistance to hormones and (3) possible intellectual disability. Acroscyphodysplasia (MIM 250215) is characterized by growth retardation, brachydactyly, and knee epiphyses embedded in cup-shaped metaphyses. We and others have identified PDE4D or PRKAR1A variants in acrodysostosis; PDE4D variants have been reported in three cases of acroscyphodysplasia. Our study aimed at reviewing the clinical and molecular findings in a cohort of 27 acrodysostosis and 5 acroscyphodysplasia cases. Among the acrodysostosis cases, we identified 9 heterozygous de novo PRKAR1A variants and 11 heterozygous PDE4D variants. The 7 patients without variants presented with symptoms of acrodysostosis (brachydactyly and cone-shaped epiphyses), but none had the characteristic facial dysostosis. In the acroscyphodysplasia cases, we identified 2 PDE4D variants. For 2 of the 3 negative cases, medical records revealed early severe infection, which has been described in some reports of acroscyphodysplasia. Subdividing our series of acrodysostosis based on the disease-causing gene, we confirmed genotype-phenotype correlations. Hormone resistance was consistently observed in patients carrying PRKAR1A variants, whereas no hormone resistance was observed in 9 patients with PDE4D variants. All patients with PDE4D variants shared characteristic facial features (midface hypoplasia with nasal hypoplasia) and some degree of intellectual disability. Our findings of PDE4D variants in two cases of acroscyphodysplasia support that PDE4D may be responsible for this severe skeletal dysplasia. We eventually emphasize the importance of some specific assessments in the long-term follow up, including cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk factors.

• Authors: Caroline Michot, Carine Le Goff, Edward Blair, Patricia Blanchet, Yline Capri, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Alice Goldenberg, Alex Henderson, Bertrand Isidor, Hulya Kayserili, Esther Kinning, Martine Le Merrer, Stanislas Lyonnet, Sylvie Odent, Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper, Chloé Quelin, Ravi Savarirayan, Marleen Simon, Miranda Splitt, Judith M A Verhagen, Alain Verloes, Arnold Munnich, Geneviève Baujat, Valérie Cormier-Daire
• Journal: European journal of human genetics : EJHG (Eur J Hum Genet) Vol. 26 Issue 11 Pg. 1611-1622 (11 2018) ISSN: 1476-5438 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 30006632 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit
• PRKAR1A protein, human
• Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
• PDE4D protein, human

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Child
• Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit (genetics)
• Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 (genetics)
• Dysostoses (genetics, pathology)
• Epiphyses (abnormalities, pathology)
• Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary (genetics, pathology)
• Female
• Hand Deformities, Congenital (genetics, pathology)
• Heterozygote
• Humans
• Intellectual Disability (genetics, pathology)
• Knee (abnormalities, pathology)
• Male
• Mutation
• Osteochondrodysplasias (genetics, pathology)
• Phenotype
• Syndrome