Anemia portends a poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic
heart failure (CHF). However, its mechanism remains unknown. We sought to elucidate the effect of
anemia on patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who receive
carvedilol therapy.Methods and Results:J-CHF study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial that assigned 360 HFrEF patients to 2.5 mg/5 mg/20 mg
carvedilol groups according to the target dose. At baseline 70 patients (19%) had
anemia ([A]) defined as
hemoglobin level (Hb) <13 g/dL (male) or <12 g/dL (female) and the remaining 290 did not ([N]). Allocated and achieved doses of
carvedilol were similar. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and plasma
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level significantly improved in both groups over 56 weeks, but they were smaller in [A] than in [N] (LVEF, P=0.046; BNP, P<0.0001 by ANOVA). Baseline Hb was an independent predictor of absolute change in LVEF (β=0.13, P=0.047) and BNP (β=-0.10, P=0.01). Presence of
chronic kidney disease defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline was not associated with differential response to
carvedilol therapy. During 3.8±1.4 years follow-up, group [A] had a higher incidence of the composite endpoint of death, hospitalization for cardiovascular causes including HF compared with [N] (P=0.006). Baseline Hb was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 0.86, P=0.04), whereas baseline eGFR was not.
CONCLUSIONS: