Comparative Study of Green Sub- and Supercritical Processes to Obtain Carnosic Acid and Carnosol-Enriched Rosemary Extracts with in Vitro Anti-Proliferative Activity on Colon Cancer Cells.

Abstract

In the present work, four green processes have been compared to evaluate their potential to obtain rosemary extracts with in vitro anti-proliferative activity against two colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT116). The processes, carried out under optimal conditions, were: (1) pressurized liquid extraction (PLE, using an hydroalcoholic mixture as solvent) at lab-scale; (2) Single-step supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at pilot scale; (3) Intensified two-step sequential SFE at pilot scale; (4) Integrated PLE plus supercritical antisolvent fractionation (SAF) at pilot scale. Although higher extraction yields were achieved by using PLE (38.46% dry weight), this extract provided the lowest anti-proliferative activity with no observed cytotoxic effects at the assayed concentrations. On the other hand, extracts obtained using the PLE + SAF process provided the most active rosemary extracts against both colon cancer cell lines, with LC50 ranging from 11.2 to 12.4 µg/mL and from 21.8 to 31.9 µg/mL for HCT116 and HT-29, respectively. In general, active rosemary extracts were characterized by containing carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) at concentrations above 263.7 and 33.9 mg/g extract, respectively. Some distinct compounds have been identified in the SAF extracts (rosmaridiphenol and safficinolide), suggesting their possible role as additional contributors to the observed strong anti-proliferative activity of CA and CS in SAF extracts.

• Authors: Andrea Del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo, Virginia García-Cañas, Miguel Herrero, Alejandro Cifuentes, Elena Ibáñez
• Journal: International journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 17 Issue 12 (Dec 07 2016) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 27941607 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Abietanes
• Biphenyl Compounds
• Picrates
• Plant Extracts
• carnosol
• 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
• salvin

Topics

• Abietanes (pharmacology)
• Biphenyl Compounds (metabolism)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
• Chromatography, Liquid
• Colonic Neoplasms (metabolism)
• Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
• HCT116 Cells
• HT29 Cells
• Humans
• Mass Spectrometry
• Picrates (metabolism)
• Plant Extracts (chemistry, pharmacology)
• Rosmarinus (chemistry)