Prevalence of intermediate-stage age-related macular degeneration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the prevalence of intermediate-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional study of patients with AIDS enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS.

METHODS:

Intermediate-stage AMD was determined from enrollment retinal photographs by graders at a centralized Reading Center, using the Age-Related Eye Disease Study grading system. Graders were masked as to clinical data.

RESULTS:

Of 1825 participants with AIDS and no ocular opportunistic infections, 9.9% had intermediate-stage AMD. Risk factors included age, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 2.3, P < .001) for every decade of age; the prevalence of AMD ranged from 4.0% for participants 30-39 years old to 24.3% for participants ≥60 years old. Other risk factors included the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk groups of injection drug use (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.5, 3.9, P < .001) or heterosexual contact (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3, 2.8, P = .001). Compared with the HIV-uninfected population in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study, there was an approximate 4-fold increased age-adjusted prevalence of intermediate-stage AMD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with AIDS have an increased age-adjusted prevalence of intermediate-stage AMD compared with that found in a non-HIV-infected cohort evaluated with similar methods. This increased prevalence is consistent with the increased prevalence of other age-related diseases in antiretroviral-treated, immune-restored, HIV-infected persons when compared to non-HIV-infected persons.

• Authors: Douglas A Jabs, Mark L Van Natta, Efe Sezgin, Jeong Won Pak, Ronald Danis, Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
• Journal: American journal of ophthalmology (Am J Ophthalmol) Vol. 159 Issue 6 Pg. 1115-1122.e1 (Jun 2015) ISSN: 1879-1891 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25769246 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Published by Elsevier Inc.

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents

Topics

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications, drug therapy, immunology)
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)
• CD4 Lymphocyte Count
• CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Macular Degeneration (classification, epidemiology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Retinal Drusen (classification, epidemiology)
• Risk Factors
• Time Factors
• Viral Load
• Young Adult